Preface   Presently very few numbers of books are available on Extension Education in Veterinary and Management and also to the best of my knowledge; there is no book which deals theoretical as well as competitive aspects of Extension and Management in Veterinary and A.H. Further with new pattern of competitive examination, the need for book which containing theoretical and multiple choice questions both together are aroused. This book is proposed to make a beginning in this direction by briefly discuss the theoretical aspects of Extension Education in Veterinary and management in ten chapters i.e. Extension Education and Entrepreneurship, Women Empowerment, Rural Sociology, Research Methodology in Extension, Communication Process & Transfer of Technology, Extension Teaching Methods, Programmes for Rural Development, Management in Extension, Information Communication Technology and Statistical tools in Extension Research with each chapters having multiple choice questions. During compilation of this book and its multiple choice question we have consulted various papers, test books, reference books and internet sites from which so much guidance got it. So we are very thankful to all the esteemed scientists and authors whose books, bulletins, articles and sites we have consulted in the preparation of this book. The all sources of information are acknowledged at the end of this book in the form of references. With the blessing of gods, my family, my teachers and advisor, smile of my daughter and the timely help of so many persons, we were able to complete the book in time. We also want to express my gratitude to my publishers who have made every effort to present the book in time. I am indeed grateful to my husband Mr. Nishant Singh and my lovely little daughter Srishti for cooperating during the period of writing this book. We feel that this book will serve as a competitive book for student preparing for PhD admission test, NET, SLET, JRF, SRF, IRMA, ARS and civil services examination in concerned subject. As this book help them to revise the entire course with objectives questions in a shorter time period. Any suggestions for further improvement in the book, from the academic fraternity and the students are most welcome. They would be taken note off and incorporated in next edition.

THEORY     ·    Father of Extension: James Stuart     ·    Word Extension: Derived from Latin roots “ex”    - Out                                                               tensio”    - Stretching     ·    Extension term originated in England as University Extension in 1866.     ·    The term Extension Education first used in 1873 by Cambridge University.     ·    Philosophy of Extension (Kelsey and Hearne, 1967): How to think.     ·    Binet test: Intelligence test (IQ).     ·    Function of Extension: Change in Attitude, Skill and Knowledge of an individuals.     ·    Extension Education Process:  Extension education is a participative and continuous process.     ·    Learning Situation: It is a condition or environment in which all the elements necessary for promoting learning are present.      ·    Elements of effective learning situations in Extension are:

Theory The Constitution of India related to women:     ·    Guarantees to all Indian women equality: Article 14     ·    No discrimination by the State: Article 15(1)     ·    Equality of opportunity: Article 16     ·    Equal pay for equal work: Article 39(d)     ·    Securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief: Article 42     ·    The All India Women’s Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927.      ·    The National Policy For the Empowerment of Women came was passed in 2001     ·    In 2010 March 9, Rajya Sabha passed the Women’s Reservation Bill requiring that 33% of seats in India’s Parliament and state legislative bodies be reserved for women

Theory     ·    Father of sociology: Auguste Comte      ·    The term sociology was coined by Auguste Comte (1789-1875).     ·    Sociology word comes from two roots i.e.              Latin word ‘socius’ meaning companion                  Greek word ‘logos’ meaning speech or reasoning.     ·    Sociology: Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social actions, social structure and functions.

Theory Research: The word research is composed of two words “Re” and “Search”. “Re” - ‘Again or over again or a new’  “Search” - ‘To examine closely and carefully’ or ‘to test and try’.  Research is a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to establish principles / policies.  Science: It is a systematized knowledge derived through observation, experimentation or any other systematic method or procedure in order to determine the nature of phenomenon or process being studied or the causes behind specific events.

Theory Communication word comes from Latin ‘Communis’- Common Communication: The communication is the process of human interaction in which one person communicates a message/idea to another person.  Diffusion: It is the process by which an innovation/new idea/new technique spreads.  According to Rogers (1983) ‘Communication is the process by which the message is transmitted from the source to the receiver’.

Theory Extension Teaching Methods: Methods by using them new information can pass freely between the extension worker and rural communities. Extension education is mainly concerned with the dissemination of useful and practical information relating to rural life and helping the rural people in the practical application of such knowledge to rural situations. Extension teaching methods can be classified on the basis of:

Theory Rural Development: The economic betterment of people as well as greater social transformation. The efforts for rural development comprises the direct and indirect involvement of people at the grass root level for development of agriculture/animal husbandry, industry, communication, education, health and allied sectors.  Democratic Decentralization: To ensure people’s participation in rural development programmes, democratic decentralization has been the core principle of the government since 1957. In the process, people’s participation in all developmental activities has been the unique phenomena to find out the solutions of their problems. Panchayat Raj: On the principle of democratic decentralization, Panchayat Raj institutions were launched in 1957 as per the recommendations of Balwant Rai Mehta Committee. Under this, the government has derived its authority from the people, and distribute to some extent to the people for decision and action at the local level called Panchayat Raj.

Theory   The term ‘Management’ derived from word ‘manage’ derived from French word menage means ‘housekeeping’.  According to Knootz and Weihrich 1988, ‘Management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims’.  According to Louis E.Boone and David L.Kurtz ‘management as the use of people and other resources to accomplish objectives’. POSDCORB is an acronym widely used in the field of Management and Public Administration., it first appeared in a 1937 staff paper by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick. The acronym stands for steps in the administrative process: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.

Theory ICT or Information and Communications Technology: The basket of technologies, which assist or support in storage, processing and dissemination/ communication of data/information. ICT thus includes technologies such as desktop and laptop computers, software and connection to the Internet that are intended to fulfil information processing and communication functions. ICT Tools     •    Word processing applications - used for preparing text documents.     •     Presentation software - used for preparing presentations     •     Spreadsheets - used for calculation and preparing tabular data with calculations     •     Databases - used to store the information in the form of records and retrieving information using query mechanism.     •    Multimedia – used to organize the information more meaningful manner with the help of text, images, animation, audio and videos     •    Web browsers and E-mail – used to searching information and sending or receiving mail using Internet.

Theory Statistics: Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions. Sir R.A.Fisher: Father of modern statistics. Population: All subjects possessing a common characteristic that is being studied. Sample: A subgroup or subset of the population. Parameter: Characteristic or measure obtained from a population. Statistic: Characteristic or measure obtained from a sample. Karl Pearson: Study of correlation and chi-square test of goodness of fit. W.S.Gosset: Student’s t-test for small sample Francis Galton: Regression analysis.

References Adams J.S., (1963) Towards An Understanding of Inequality. Journal of Abnormal and Normal Social Psychology. (67):422-436. Alderfer, Clayton P., (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs; Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, 4(2):142–175, Annual Report (2004-05). Department of Women and Child Development, GOI Berlo D.K., (1960). The process of Communication. Holt, Rinehart Winston Inc. New York. Chitamber J.B., (1997). Introductory Rural Sociology: A synopsis of Concepts and Principles. New age International Limited Publishers, New Delhi Colvin J.W., (2007). Peer tutoring and social dynamics in higher education. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 15(2):165–181. Daivadeenam P. and Somani L.L. (2013). Research Methodology in Extension Education. Agrotech Publishing Academy. 2nd edition. ISBN 108183213014 Department of Women and Child Development, (2004). Annual Report, Part IV. Ministry of Human Resource development, Govt. of india, New Delhi. Directorate of Extension, (1961). Extension Education and Community Development. Govt. of India, New Delhi. Draft of Five year plan, (2010). Planning Commission of India. New Delhi. Drucker, Peter F., (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: attributes the coining and defining of “entrepreneur”. A Treatise on Political Economy. Edward L. Thorndike., (1999). Education Psychology: briefer course, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-21011-9 Edward W. Weidner., (1963). Development administration: an annotated bibliography East-West Center Press, Fayol H., (1949). General and Industrial Management. (C. Storrs, Trans.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, LTD. (Original work published 1918) Friedmann J., (1992). Empowerment: the Politics of Alternative Development, Oxford, Basil Blackwell. Gulick L. and Urwick L. (1937). Papers on the Science of Administration (pp. 3–35). New York: Institute of Public Administration Henry L Gantt. (1919). Organizing for work. www.ganttcharts.com.