Epigenetics and Gene Regulation: Mechanisms, Models and Applications presents a systematic account of the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. It covers chromatin organization, DNA methylation, methyl-binding proteins, histone modifications and chromatin-remodelling processes. Special attention is given to environmentally induced epigenetic changes, transgenerational inheritance and the role of DNA methylation in plant development. The book also examines small RNAs, their biogenesis, computational prediction, target identification and involvement in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Important topics such as RNA interference, heterochromatin formation, the Jacob–Monod model, RNA editing and genomic imprinting are presented in a structured manner. Designed for students and researchers in genetics, biotechnology, molecular biology and plant sciences, the book connects foundational concepts with current research and practical applications.