<p style="text-align:justify">Immunology provides a comprehensive understanding of the immune system, immune responses, and modern immunological principles with applications in human and animal health, biotechnology, and biomedical sciences. The book explains the history, organization, and functioning of the immune system, including the roles of lymphoid organs, immune cells, antibodies, antigens, and immune regulatory mechanisms.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Detailed discussions on immunoglobulins, antibody diversity, antigen&ndash;antibody interactions, immune tolerance, hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency disorders, and autoimmunity help readers understand both normal and abnormal immune responses. The text also covers conventional and modern vaccines, vaccinology, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and emerging trends in immunization strategies.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Special emphasis is given to immunological techniques such as ELISA, Western blotting, agglutination tests, fluorescent antibody techniques, and practical applications in diagnostics, research, and animal sciences. Written in a clear and student-friendly manner, this book is designed for students, researchers, educators, and professionals in immunology, microbiology, biotechnology, veterinary sciences, and biomedical sciences, serving as a valuable resource for academic learning and applied research.</p>