<p style="text-align:justify">Fundamentals of Plant Biotechnology provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, tools, and applications of modern plant biotechnology with special emphasis on agricultural and industrial applications. The book explains the fundamental concepts of plant cell biology, DNA structure, gene expression, and molecular biology that form the basis of biotechnology.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The text systematically covers molecular tools such as restriction enzymes, vectors, gene cloning techniques, recombinant screening, and gene transfer methods used in genetic engineering. Advanced topics including transgenic plants, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, molecular markers, genomic and cDNA libraries, and biosafety regulations are presented in a simple and student-friendly manner.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Special emphasis is given to plant tissue culture techniques including micropropagation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, embryo rescue, synthetic seeds, cryopreservation, and somatic hybridization, highlighting their role in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. Designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and educators, this book serves as a valuable resource for understanding modern plant biotechnology and its applications in crop enhancement, genetic improvement, and agricultural innovation.</p>