<p style="text-align:justify">The book&nbsp;provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, tools, and applications of bioinformatics with emphasis on biological data analysis and modern computational approaches in life sciences. The book explains the generation, organization, storage, retrieval, and interpretation of biological data including DNA, RNA, protein sequences, structural information, and gene expression datasets.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The text systematically covers various biological databases such as GenBank, UniProt, Protein Data Bank (PDB), KEGG, PubMed, and crop genome databases, highlighting their structure, functions, and applications in biological research and agriculture. Detailed discussions on sequence alignment, scoring matrices, heuristic methods, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular visualization tools help readers understand computational analysis of biological systems.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Special emphasis is given to bioinformatics tools used in genomics, proteomics, comparative genomics, metabolic pathway analysis, and agricultural bioinformatics. Designed for students, researchers, and professionals in biotechnology, molecular biology, genetics, and computational biology, this book serves as a valuable resource for understanding biological databases and modern bioinformatics applications in research and innovation.</p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 1.</strong> Introduction to Bioinformatics</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 2.</strong> Biological Data Types</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 3.</strong> Collection and Organization of Biological Data</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 4.</strong> Classification of Biological Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 5.</strong> Biological Database Retrieval Systems</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 6.</strong> Sequence and Molecular File Formats</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 7.</strong> Nucleotide Sequence Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 8.</strong> Protein Sequence Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 9.</strong> Structural Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 10.</strong> Genome Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 11.</strong> Metabolic Pathway Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 12.</strong> Literature and Bibliographic Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 13.</strong> Chemical and Small Molecule Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 14.</strong> Gene Expression Databases</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 15.</strong> Crop Databases and Agricultural Bioinformatics</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 16.</strong> Introduction to Bioinformatics Tools</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 17.</strong> Sequence Alignment Concepts and Methods</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 18.</strong> Scoring Matrices and Heuristic Methods</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 19.</strong> Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Chapter 20.</strong> Molecular Visualization Tools</p>