Modern agricultural supply chains consist of many interconnected players, from farmers and processors to distributors and retailers, which makes it tough to keep track of everything. Keeping accurate product tracking, preventing fraud, ensuring food safety, and adhering to regulations are ongoing challenges, especially since traditional centralized systems offer limited transparency and can be easily manipulated.Blockchain technology brings in a decentralized and tamper proof digital ledger that boosts accountability and traceability throughout the supply chain. When paired with technologies like IoT sensors, RFID tags, and programmable smart contracts, blockchain can enable secure data recording, automate transaction validation, and ensure trustworthy product origins. This chapter provides a thorough yet practical look at blockchain-enabled traceability frameworks, covering system architecture, smart contract design, security measures, and real-world case studies, giving useful insights for researchers, industry players, and policymakers who are looking forscalable and dependable agricultural traceability solutions