A GLOSSARY OF SOIL SCIENCE
authored by: Priyadarshani A. Khambalkar, Shashi S. Yadav, Akhilesh Singh & S.K. Trivedi
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Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry constitute important branch of Agriculture, which have implicit greater magnitudes due to their diverse fields of specialization. Considering enormous scope and diversity of the subject, a variety of books have been contributed by many authors encompassing numerous aspects of soil science. However, this book is in response to guiding students of agriculture and teachers engaged in agricultural education especially Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry The glossary information in this book provides a ready material for all branches of soil science which are help in guiding and preparations of examinations, competitions, interviews, vivavoce, comprehensive, preliminary examinations in the discipline of soil science and Agricultural chemistry. Different subjects included: Soil Biology, Soil Chemistry, Soil Conservation, Soil Fertility, Soil Genesis and Classification, Soil Physics, Soil Survey, Soil Minerology, Problematic soil, Remote Sensing, Soil Erosion, Soil Pedology and Pollution are helpful to revise the entire soil science within a short time and recollect the vast knowledge in one hand. The subject wise glossary format of the book not only enable to reader to review the knowledge quickly but also inculcate an understanding of the subject in depth.
Dr. Priyadarshani A. Khambalkar graduated from Anandan Niketan College of Agriculture, Warora, Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra. She did her postgraduation in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry with specialization in Land Resource Management from Dr. PDKV Akola in association with ICAR- NBSS & LUP. She completed her doctorate from RVSKVV, CoA, Gwalior, M.P in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry and was awarded by gold medal. She qualified ASRB- NET and appeared for interview ICAR-ARS. She is recipient of young Scientist Award of Society for Scientific and Social Development (2017). She has been awarded by Excellent teaching award (2019) by Academy for Environment & Life Sciences. She is actively engaged in teaching since last 6 years. She has published more than 15 research papers in NAAS related journals, and giver her contribution in 5 technical bulletins, 4 books Chapter and one ISBN edited book.
Dr. (Smt.) Shashi S. Yadav is a permanent resident of village Mangrouth, District Hamirpur (U.P.) She graduated from Agriculture College, Nagpur, Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola. Thereafter she did her M.Sc. (Ag.) in Soil Science with specialization in land resource management from Dr. P.D.V.K. Akola in collaboration with ICAR-NBSS & LUP, Nagpur, Maharashtra and Ph.D. in Soil Science from MPUA & T, Udaipur. She has received ICAR JRF for M.Sc. (Ag.) and SRF for Ph.D. (Ag.) in Soil Science, passed ICAR- NET in Soil Science-Pedology in 1997. She is actively engaged in teaching, research and extension since last 11 years. She is recipient of Young Scientist award in 2016 and Best Teacher award in 2018 by academy for Environment & Life Science. Her area of interest of research is Soil Science-Pedology. She has published more than 25 research papers in NAAS related journals, 8 technical bulletins 8 Chapter in edited books and one ISBN edited book.
Dr. Akhilesh Singh graduated in Agricultural Engineering from Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, Postgraduate and doctorate in Soil and Water engineering from JNKVV, Jabalpur, he has more than 17 years’ experience in teaching and research in natural resource management aspects. Presently he is working at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior as a scientist (Agril. Engg.), he has published more than 24 research papers in NAAS rated journal, 12 technical bulletins/ practical manuals, four ISBN edited books and one ISBN practical book, more than 5 book chapters in ISBN books and one book chapter in Springer Nature edited book.
Dr. S.K. Trivedi is Professor and Head in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.). He did M.Sc. (Ag) in the year 1982 from JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) and Ph.D in the year 1994 from Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.). He has specialization in Nutrient management in plant nutrition. He is actively engaged in teaching, research and extension since last 35 years. He has guided near about 30 M.Sc. (Ag) and 5 Ph.D student. He has published 46 research papers in pioneer journals. Besides these he is having important responsibilities of college such as I/c of academic cell, placement cell, cultural programme, coordinator of ELP programme, member of disciplinary committee and chairmen of college purchasing committee. Recipient of INDIRA GANDHI PRIYADARSHINI AWARD-2015 for outstanding achievement and Crop Research Award. He is also President of Gwalior Chapter of Indian Society of Soil Science.
1. Scientific Definition
2. Soil Biology
3. Soil Chemistry
4. Soil Conservation
5. Soil Fertility
6. Soil Minerology and Classification
7. Soil Physics
8. Problematic Soils
9. Soil Survey
10. Soil Erosion
11. Remote Sensing
12. Pollution
Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry constitute important branch of Agriculture, which have implicit greater magnitudes due to their diverse fields of specialization. Considering enormous scope and diversity of the subject, a variety of books have been contributed by many authors encompassing numerous aspects of soil science.
1. The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the Earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. - Soil Science Society of America
ABIOTIC FACTORS: Environmental influences produced other than by living organisms for example, temperature, humidity, pH and other physical and chemical influences. Contrast it with ‘biotic factors’ - meaning effects due to biological components.
ACTIVATION ENERGY: The energy required before the reaction of concern will proceed. Often, heating will supply the needed energy. Enzymes or other catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction.
AGRICULTURAL WASTE: The characteristics of the agricultural waste materials make them important in respect of their use and economic value. Agricultural wastes can he put to use because (1) Farm development (improvement of soil health, soil fertility, soil physical conditions and plant protection), it is the source of energy and power, (3) it acts as animal feed and fodder, (4) it is the human food
ACID-FORMING FERTILIZER: A term applied to commercial fertilizers which leave an acid residue in the soil. The amount of calcium carbonate required to neutralize the acid residue is referred to its equivalent acidity.
ALLIC: soil family class term used in Oxisols as a calcareous and reaction class category. Soils placed in the allic class are acid and have low CEC with high amounts of KCl-extractable aluminum in a layer at least 30 cm thick within the control section. If used for agriculture, these Oxisols require large inputs of lime to displace the aluminum and raise pH.
ABSORPTION ACTIVE: Movement of ions and water into the plant root as a result of metabolic processes by the root, frequently against an electrochemical potential gradient.
ACID SOILS: Acid soils with pH below 6.5 are widespread. Main limitations of these acid soils are low pH, low CEC, low status of bases, especially Ca, Mg, and K along with toxicity of Al and Mn. Use of acidifying fertilizers aggravates this situation.
AERATION, SOIL: The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.
ACCELERATED EROSION: Erosion in excess of natural rates, usually as a result of anthropogenic activities.
AIRBORNE SENSING: Remote sensing from an airplane. (Related words: airphoto, aerial)
ABSORPTION (of light): A process by which light is taken-up by another material. Examples include soot consisting of tiny black particles, which absorb all visible light; and nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant mostly from diesel and gasoline engines, that absorbs blue light resulting in air with a brown tint.
Three kinds of symbols are used in combination to designate horizons and layers. These are capital letters, lower case letters, and arabic numbers; capital letters are used to designate master horizons and layers; lower case letters are used as suffixes to indicate specific characteristics of the master horizon and layer; arabic numerals are used both as suffixes to indicate vertical subdivisions within a horizon or layer and as prefixes to indicate discontinuities (Soil Taxomony available online atftp:// ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/Soil_Taxonomy/tax.pdf. 1999.
Soil Classification, Pedology Terms, Soil Fertility, Soil Structure, Soil Horizons, Soil Composition, Soil Management, Agroecology Glossary, Soil Erosion, Soil Conservation, Soil Microorganisms, Soil pH, Soil Moisture, Soil Porosity, Soil Amendments, Soil Nutrients, Soil Chemistry, Soil Analysis, Soil Texture, Soil Health, Soil Profile, Soil Formation, Soil Types, Organic Matter in Soil, Soil Permeability