An attempt has been made to write a Economics, Marketing, Accountancy and Entrepreneurship Development in Animal Husbandry & Dairying with an objective to discuss the theoretical aspects of Livestock Economics, Marketing, Accountancy and Entrepreneurship development with specific examples for the greater interest of the undergraduate BVSC and A.H. students particularly. The materials have been incorporated in the book in tune with the MSVE- 2016 syllabus of veterinary council of India (VCI), Government of India for undergraduate program.

ECONOMICS is the term derived from a Greek word ‘OIKOS’ means a HOUSE and NAMEN means TO MANAGE, i.e. to manage a household using limited funds available in most possible manners. The founders of Economics defined it as-‘The Science of Wealth’. In general, we may say that Economics is the social science that studies economic activities. Economists at different times have emphasized different aspects of Economic activities, and have arrived at different definitions of Economics.

MARKET & MARKETING: CONCEPT OF MARKET AND CLASSIFICATION OF MARKETS Meaning of Market: The Term Market is derived from Latin word ‘Markatus’ means Merchandise, Wars, the Traffic, Trades or Place where business is conducted. The Market means a place, as an open space (in the village) or a larger building, where actual buying and selling takes place. The market is an assembly or a meeting of people for their private purchase and sale of goods at a stated time and place. Example-Village Fairs or periodical markets.

MEANING & DEFINITION OF ACCOUNTING Accounting is the science of recording, classifying and summarizing business transactions and events primarily of a financial character in a significant manner and interpreting and communicating the results to decision-making persons thereof. The AICPA defined, Accounting is the process that are used in accounting, recording, classifying, summarizing and interpreting the monetary language in which financial language is expressed.

BOOK KEEPING & GENERAL ENTRY SYSTEM Business Transactions can be recorded in any system, which provides the necessary financial position of a business and results of transactions. The Business transactions are recorded through systems of book keeping as maintained in accounting are as follows: Book Keeping: This is an activity concerned with the recording of financial data relating to business operations in a significant and orderly manner. Book keeping is the record making phase of accounting. Accounting is based on a careful and an efficient book keeping system. The essential idea behind maintaining book keeping records is to show correct position regarding each head of income and expenditure. It is concerned with the recording of business transaction in a significant and orderly manner which is mechanical and repetitive in character. 

DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR & ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneurs: The word ‘Entrepreneur’ is derived from the French verb ‘ENTREPREDRE’, which means ‘to undertake’. The term is used to refer to anyone who undertakes the organizarion and management of an enterprise with independence and risk as well as the opportunity for profit. An Entrepreneur is a person who has a possession of any enterprise or venture and accepts significant accountability for the inherent risk and outcome. Definitions of Entrepreneurs by Several Social Scientists are as follow According to J.B. Say: An Entrepreneur is an economic agent, who unites all means of production, such as- Land, labour and capital to produce products.

INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CONCEPT AND DEFINITION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: Financial management is an integral part of general overall management. The term ‘Financial management’ is managerial activity that is concerned with planning and controlling of financial resources of a firm. Financial management is concerned with managerial decisions that result in the acquisition and financing of long and short-term credits of the farm or any enterprise. Financial management is concerned with the efficient use of all important economic resources that is capital funds of a firm (Solomon Ezra) Financial management is an application of general managerial principles to the era of financial decision-making. (Howard &Uptron). Financial management is an area of financial decisions making, harmonizing individual motives and enterprise goals.(Weston & Brigham). Financial management is an operational activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effective utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operations.(Joseph & Massie)

PROJECT AND PROJECT APPRAISAL PROJECT Project is a scientifically evolves work plan to achieve specific objectives within a specified time limit by consuming planned resources. A Project is a specific plan or design with a specific objective, time, and cost limitations and non-repeated it in nature. UNIDO defines a Project as a proposal for an investment to create and or develop certain facilities in order to increase the production of goods or services in a community over a certain period of time. The Project can be long-term or short-term, limited or comprehensive, sector concentrated on multi-sector concentrated. PROJECT APPRAISAL or Evaluation is a step-by-step process of collecting recording and organizing information about project results including short-term, immediate output and long-term outcomes from the projects.

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES GENDER AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY: The women and men enjoy equal status in the law of the constitution, though there exists a wide difference as looked upon by the society. This gender gap is a socially constructed attribute as being male and females are assigned roles and responsibilities in respect to one’s gender. Gender disparity is a serious concern in all sectors and must be addressed immediately for the development of the country. To address gender issues, it is imperative to understand different fundamental gender concepts to deal with it effectively. Gender: Gender identifiers social relations between men and women. Gender refers to the relationship between men and women, boys and girls and how this is socially constructed. Gender roles are dynamic and changed over time. Gender determined, what is expected, allowed, and valued in a man or woman in a different context. Sex: Sex identifies the biological difference between men and women, such as-women can give birth and men provide sperm. Sex roles are universal. These are universal, obvious and generally permanent. It is what, we are born with and does not change over time, differs from place to place.

LIVESTOCK INSURANCE SCHEME Livestock farming is the main source of livelihood for millions of people in India. Animal husbandry as live resources primarily depends on monsoon-based feeds and fodder production along with the widespread incidence of diseases, droughts floods and fluctuations of market price in livestock products which makes it a risky venture. The natural, social and human risk and uncertainty in livestock farming hamper yield and production as a result of mortality and morbidity of animals to every farmer in the country. This risk is simply future issues that can be mitigated or avoided as a probability issue, whereas uncertainty is the lack of complete certainty with more than one possibility of true outcome or state or result or value as unknown. Individual farmers with limited resources are unable to face such risk and uncertainty of disastrous lost. To mitigate this nature-induced risk, livestock insurance has introduced as an institutional response in the countries in October 1965 as Crop Insurance and in later in 1970 the livestock insurance was started by the government of India.

ESTIMATED DAIRY PROJECT OF 12 CROSS-BREED CATTLE FOR 5 YEARS Dept. of Veterinary & A.H. Extension Education West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences Mohanpur, Dist-Nadia, West Bengal, India  

LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS, MARKETIG, ACCOUNTANCY & ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELELOPMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING A Textbook of Agricultural Extension Management (2019). C. Karthikeyan, R. Sandilkumar & D.Jagannathan. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Accounting Principles for Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension (2014). Samaresh Kumar Das, Puspa Publishing House Kolkata. Agricultural Extension 1998. Van Den Ban and HS Hawkins. CBS Publishers New Delhi. Banerjee, A. and S. Majumdar, D. (2011). Business Economics and Business Environment, ABS Publishing House, Kolkata. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication 2020. Sagar Mandal, BCKV, Kalyani Publishers New Delhi.

A Accountancy 68 Accounting 67 Accounts 72 Animal Casing 65 Animal Rights 164 Animal Welfare 164 Assembling 44 Assets 28 Auction 53 B Balance Sheet 71 Bank Money 15 Bank Reconcilation Statement 90 Benefit-Cost Ratio 130 Bill of Exchange 88 Black Market 43 Breeders, 52