COMMON REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS IN BOVINES AND CANINES
authored by: Harvendra Kumar, Sukhdeb Nandi & R.B.Rai
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This manual is written in a very simple and lucid manner so that every person can read and understand the common reproductive problems in dairy as well as pet animals. The manual is written for field veterinarians, the persons engaged in dairy reproductive health control programme, officers and students. This handy manual will provide latest information related to diagnostics as well as therapeutics of most commonly gynaecological disorders like anestrus, repeat breeding, retention of placenta, prolapsed of cervix/uterus, abortion, endometritis, metritis, uterine torsion etc. in cows and buffaloes. Similarly, an attempt has been made to include most commonly found reproductive disorders and their management in bitches. In our opinion, this manual will be extremely helpful to all persons who are directly and indirectly engaged in handling of gynaecological problems in animals as we have put our knowledge and experiences gained during last several years at polyclinic, dairy farms as well as in the fields/farmer’s door. At last we do believe that any one can enrich their knowledge on the problems addressed in this manual and can face any challenge very easily and confidently.
Harendra Kumar born on 15th June, 1960. He completed his B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. in Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics. He has rich experience of more than 24 years in different capacities as Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Scientist, Senior Scientist, Principal Scientist in the Division of Animal Reproduction, I.V.R.I., Izatnagar. He has guided 8 M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. students and about 100 research publications of national and international repute and more than 80 technical/popular articles. He has completed 12 research projects on various aspects of animal reproduction as P.I. He has attended more than 25 conferences and seminars. He is the recipient of Young Scientist Award, Prof. Neils Lagerlof Award by ISSAR and fellow of NAVS. He has written 2 technical bulletins, 1 manual and 1 book on animal reproduction. He has gained vast experience during handling the clinical cases at organized dairy farms, IVRI Polyclinics as well as in fields at farmer’s door.
Sukdeb Nandi graduated in Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry in 1986 from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, W.B. He did his Master Degree and Ph.D. in Veterinary Virology from Deemed University, Indian Veterinary Research Institute in 1988 and 1992 respectively. He is also involved in imparting trainings on serological and molecular diagnosis of different Viral Diseases of animals. He was awarded with DBT sponsored National Biotechnology Associateship and carried out research on biotechnological and molecular techniques of diagnosing the diseases at Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CSIR Institute at Jadavpur, Kolkata from 1995 to 1996. He was also deputed to United Kingdom in 1998-1999 to undergo ‘Transfer of Molecular Biology Training’ (TOMBIT) at Institute for Animal Health, Pirbight to work on molecular aspects of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus. He has carried out research on Rabies, FMD, Sheep Pox, Goat Pox, Bluetongue, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Canine Parvovirus infections in canines. He has traveled different places in United Kingdom, Scotland and France, Presently, he is working as Senior Scientist at Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. He is also the author of ‘Manual of Viral Disease Investigation’ - a book very much useful for the scientists, teachers, students, diagnosticians and others who are working in this area. Other books in his credit are Veterinary Virology : at a glance, Immunology - at a glance, Animal Cell Culture and Virology, Avian influenza or Birdflu, Rabies : a killer disease, Veterinary Public Health - at a glance and Poultry Diseases - at a glance.
R.B. Rai, born on Jan. 5, 1954, completed his B.V.Sc. & AH, M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. in Veterinary Pathology from G.B. Pant U.A.&T, Pantnagar. He joined ARS in Sept. 1983 and served in CSWRI (Garsa, Kullu), CARI Port Blair and since Aug 2006 posted as Principal Scientist in IVRI. He served as Director, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary, services in A&D Islands with additional charges of Agriculture and Fisheries departments and Director, CARI, Port Blair.
He is recipient of many national awards including ‘K.S. Nair Memorial Medal’, ICAR Team Research Award (twice), ‘Fakharuddin Ali Ahmad Award’ (twice) and is fellow of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Academy of Veterinary Science. He has published 180 research papers in national and international journals, 27 books (inlcuding 15 e-books) and delivered more than 170 lead/invited/contributory papers in National Seminars/Symposia.
Preface
BOVINES
Chapter 1 :Clinical Guidance for Gynaecological Examination of Bovines
Chapter 2 :Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cattle & Buffaloes
Chapter 3 :Common Reproductive Problems in Cattle and Buffalo
Case 1:True anestrus in a heifer or post partum cow/buffalo
0Case 2:Anestrus in a heifer or post partum cow/buffalo
Case 3:A Repeat breeder (cyclic nonbreeder) cow/buffalo
Case 4:Post partum cervico-vaginal prolapse in a cow/buffalo
Case 5:A cow/buffalo with Retained Fetal Membranes (RFM)
Case 6:Endometritis in a cow/buffalo
Case 7:Sub estrus in a buffalo
Case 8:Cystic ovarian degeneration in a crossbred cow
Case 9:Cervicitis in a cow/buffalo
Case 10:Kinked cervix in a cow
Case 11:Pyometra in a cow
Case 12:Abortion in a cow/buffalo
Case 13:Uterine torsion in a cow/buffalo
Case 14:Determine the correct timing of A.I. in cow/buffalo
CANINES
Chapter 4 :Common Reproductive Problems in Canines
Case 1:Contraception due to misalliance and termination of pregnancy in bitches
Case 2:Transmissible venereal tumor in a bitch
Case 3:Induction of estrus in bitches
Case 4:Detection of estrus for optimum breeding time by exfoliative vaginal cytology in bitches
Case 5:Induction of whelping in bitches
Case 6:Medical management of cryptorchidism in pups
Case 7:Pyometra in a bitch
Case 8:Clinical management of pseudopregnancy in bitches
Case 9:Vaginal prolapse in a bitch
Case 10:Infertility in bitches associated with under supplementation
Case 11:Reproductive disorders associated with over supplementation in bitches
Case 12:Pregnancy diagnosis in bitches
Case 13:Methods of population control in bitches
Various Hormones Preparations used in Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Suggested Further Reading
Preface The livestock sector in India is experiencing fast growth. Livestock resources across regions and species have therefore to be utilized optimally to achieve the goals of efficiency, equity, nutritional security and sustainability. Consumption of livestock products has been increasing over the last 20 years. Sustained economic growth and attendant increase in per capita income are expected to further boost demand of livestock products substantially. Demand for milk and meat is estimated to be 147 and 14 million tonnes, respectively, in 2020. Changing consumption pattern and increasing needs of livestock products would demand use of new scientific technologies to achieve goal of increased animal production efficiency. It is obvious that reproduction comes before production and thus, it becomes essential to update the practical knowledge for achieving optimum fertility from our dairy animals. This new “Common Reproductive Problems in Bovines and Canines - Hand Manual” deals with nearly all aspects of reproductive disorders in cows, buffaloes & bitches under a single cover. We do believe that this, compilation of knowledge/information, will benefit to our veterinary clinicians, field workers as well as students. This has been written to fulfill the gap and aimed to provide desired knowledge as well as putting the management of reproductive health control in dairy and pet animals, in the hands of Veterinarians.
RECTAL EXAMINATION It provides practically all the information required. It is the simplest, accurate and reliable method with no cost involved. Things Required A full arm rubber sleeve with attached glove or disposable plastic glove. A rubber or plastic apron. Non-irritant soap or lubricant.
Accurate early diagnosis of pregnancy is essential for successful breeding programme. Ability is required for successful practice. Skill is to be developed to indicate the duration within weeks in early and months in late pregnancy.
TRUE ANESTRUS IN A HEIFER OR POST PARTUM COW / BUFFALO The animal has both ovaries small and inactive No palpable structures in the ovaries Animal does not exhibiting estrus signs
CONTRACEPTION DUE TO MISALLIANCE AND TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY IN BITCHES It is obvious that breeders maintain varieties of breeds but mismating do occur within their own premises and sometimes by unwarranted stray animal. Misalliance complicates too many other problems. Incidence of mismating is 15 to 20 percent in canine breeding.
manual, reproductive issues, dairy animals, pet animals, veterinarians, gynaecological disorders, anestrus, repeat breeding, placenta retention, cervical prolapse, uterine prolapse, abortion, endometritis, metritis, uterine torsion