The primary objective of this handbook is to provide students with a comprehensive grasp of the principles and practices of agricultural extension. This includes an overview of extension methods, tools, and techniques, as well as an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of extension agents and the communities they serve.
This book contains a series of twelve practical exercises aimed at equipping students with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively work in rural development. Each practical exercise is designed to provide hands-on experience and promote active learning.
The following is a list of the practical exercises included in this book:
1. Group Discussion Exercises
2. Handling and Preparation of Audio-Visual Aids
3. Preparation of Extension Literature
4. Presentation Skills Exercise
5. Micro-teaching Exercise
6. Understanding the Problems Encountered by Villagers/Farmers
7. Organization and Functioning of DRDA and Various Development Departments at the District Level
8. NGOs for Learning from Their Experience in Rural Development
9. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Techniques with Their Application in Village Development
10. Community Radio and Television Studio for Understanding the Process of Programme Production
11. Script Writing for Print and Electronic Media
12. Developing Scripts for Radio and Television
1.To Perform Group Discussion Exercises,,2. To Study the Handling and Preparation of Audio-Visual Aids, 3. To Study Preparation of Extension Literature, 4. To Study About Presentation Skills Exercise, 5 To Study Micro Teaching Exercise, 6. To Visit the Village for Understanding the Problems Encountered by Villagers or Farmers, 7. To Study Organization and Functioning of District Rural Development Agency and Various Development Department at District Level, 8. To Visit NGOs to Learn from Their Experience in Rural Development, 9. To Study Participatory Rural Appraisal echniques with Their Application in Village Development, 10.To Visit the Community Radio Television Studio for Understanding the Process of Programme Production, 11.To Study Script Writing in Print and Electronic Media,12.To Study the Script Development for Radio and Television
Learning outcome The purpose is to enable the student to develop deeper knowledge understanding capabilities and attitudes in the context of group discussion. What is the group? A social group is a unit of two or more person in the reciprocal interaction of communication with each other. Stages of Group Formation Bruce Tuckman presented a model of five stages. Orientation (Forming Stage) During this stage, group members come together and begin to establish relationships with each other. They also clarify their goals and objectives for the group. Power Struggle (Storming Stage) As the group begins to work together, conflicts and differences in opinions may arise. This stage is characterized by power struggles, disagreements, and a lack of cohesion among group members. Cooperation and Integration (Norming Stage) In this stage, the group begins to resolve conflicts and work towards a common goal. Members begin to cooperate with each other, establish norms and rules, and develop a sense of unity.
Learning outcome In this exercise we will learn about handling of: 18-135 mm lens 70-200 mm zoom lens 8.3.5 mm DSLR lens Babylight Computer DSLR camera Field recorder Mic rod Power adaptor Projector SD card 32 GB Speaker Tripod Projector screen
Learning outcome The purpose is to enable the student to develop deeper knowledge understanding capabilities and attitudes in the context of preparation of extension literature. Extension materials are straightforward messages that encourage, educate, and improve farmers’ understanding of an innovative, proven technology. Therefore, extension materials must encourage awareness and highlight the benefits and effective application of innovative technologies. Orally or through bulletins/brochures, fact sheets, posters, radio dramas, and videos, extension materials can suggest innovative technologies. Literature is the foundation of any instructional programme. Extension materials must persuade individuals to alter their behaviour.
Learning outcomes To make student aware about proper procedure of conducting oral and poster presentation and to develop their skill in delivering effective presentation. What is presentation? Presentation is the process of demonstrating and conveying a topic’s information to an audience or learner. Presentation may be customised for speaking to a group, addressing a meeting, or briefing a team. Making oral presentations is nothing new for anyone, but there is still a lot of room for growth. An oral presentation is more than simply delivering the relevant technical information and using the perfect language. Public speaking is an address delivered at an anniversary or inauguration to encourage, congratulate, or amuse the audience.
Learning outcome The purpose is to enable the student to develop deeper knowledge, understanding, capabilities, and attitudes in the context of micro teaching skills. icroteaching helps teachers worldwide improve easy teaching tasks. Microteaching promotes real-time learning experiences for novices and seniors. Presentation and reinforcement skills help inexperienced teachers acquire the art of teaching easily and thoroughly.
Learning Objectives To raise awareness of a community problem and support its solution. Induce the emotional participation of the community at the local level and establish a positive psychological climate for new activities. The various methods of data gathering involve the use of appropriate recording forms. These are called tools or instruments of data collection; they consist of an observation schedule or interview guide, an interview schedule, a questionnaire, etc.
Learning Objectives To evaluation of actual functioning of the District Rural Development Agency (DRDAs) Guidelines for implementation of the various Rural Development Programmes. Theory/Principle/Background of the topic District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) is the district-level entity that oversees Ministry of Rural Development anti-poverty programmes. This organisation was initially founded to execute the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). DRDAs were later given state and central government programmes. DRDA’s job is to identify rural needs and implement relevant programmes has a technical, administrative, and financial role in scheme implementation. DRDA disburses cash for programmes and offers management and technical assistance.
Learning outcomes To understand national and international NGOs and their functioning. NGO types and rules governing them. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), as the name suggests, are free from the government in its functioning. NGOs are groups or organisations of voluntary persons who do not represent any government action, and their members and associated persons manage all the functions. These numbers work as per the rules and regulations prescribed by the government, but they are independent of governmental control.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is a set of tools and techniques used with households to gather and analyse information on community resources, problems, potential and needs. Why is PRA used? Look at how a village or community is now and what it could be. Look at problems and what’s causing them. Help families find ways to deal with problems and take advantage of opportunities.
Learning outcomes understand the functioning of community radio in dissemination of from technology. Introduction Radio is the oldest type of media, and via radio the information revolution saw the green revolution. Farmers listen to the radio for weather, market price, and pestilence updates. Government began to encourage citizens by establishing radio rural forums (RRF). The primary purpose of a rural radio forum is to discuss and act. Here, a group of twenty individuals debate cultivation-related concerns and provide questions for the subsequent Radio rural forum. This allowed radio forum to get widespread popularity.
Learning outcome To learn writing for print media such as newspaper, magazine, books. To have in knowledge about script writing in electronic medium such as using mobile apps- LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube and Podcast What is Print Media? It’s a sort of mass media that publishes news and information. Print media is the oldest way to reach a large audience. It exclusively distributes information in physical copy Books, magazines, and newspapers are popular print media. These may consist of chapters or themes, pictures, advertising, printed journals, pamphlets and so on. Print media cannot do live reporting, discussions, or shows.
Learning outcomes You should know how to make an audio or video script. Describe the differences between the different kinds of programmes. Examine the different script development stages. Before we start, please complete the following activity. Reflect on the programmes you watch on TV or any other programme using Over the top (OTT) platforms like amazon, prime video, Netflix etc. How many of it you classify as Entertainment Educational Informational
Anja Christnick and Martina Padmanabhan (eds). Cultivate diversity. (2013). Margraf Publishers GmbH. Berkenfeld, D and Silverman, L.(n.d.) Easy Macro Photography with the AF-S DX Micro-NIKKOR 40mm f ... - Nikon USA. https://www.nikonusa.com/en/ learn-and-explore/a/tips-and-techniques/easy-macro-photography-with-the-af-s-dx-micro-nikkor-40mm-f-2-8g-lens.html Bonk. Lawrence.(2022).Audacity. Free Audio Editing App Audacity Gets a Makeover With a Huge Feature .... https://www.lifewire.com/free-audio-editing-app-audacity-gets-a-makeover-with-a-huge-feature-rich-update-6743936 Buzz sprout.(2021). How to Name Your Podcast https://www.buzzsprout.com/ blog/names-for-podcasts Buzz sprout.(2022). How to Start a Podcast: Complete Step-by-Step Guide. https://www.buzzsprout.com/blog/how-to-start-a-podcast Canon EPF lens. (n.d.) EF-S18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS. https://gdlp01.c-wss.com/ gds/2/0300003652/02/efs18-200f35-56-is-im2-eng.pdf Club,Sam. (2022).The 7 Best Camera for Video in 2022 – Sam’s Club Online Shopping. https://www.samsclubonlineshopping.com/the-7-best-camera-for-video/ Collins Dictionary.(n.d.). Workshop definition and meaning. https://www.collins dictionary.com/dictionary/english/workshop
