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The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru has commercialized more than 300 technologies, through technology transfer, hortipreneurship and development of value-added products for domestic and export through training, business incubation and acceleration of these products and their associated technologies should be communicated to a larger audience. The book exposes the users to various aspects of hortipreneurship and value addition opportunities through farmers empowerment and entrepreneurial development through FPOs and Start-ups which is a different game per se, both through diversification and business strategies.

Introduction Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy. Over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. As per the 2nd advanced estimates by the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the share of agriculture and allied sectors (including agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery) is estimated to be 17.3% of the Gross Value Added (GVA) during 2016- 17 at 2011-12 prices. The GDP of agriculture and allied sectors was recorded at $244.7 billion in FY 2016.

India has the second largest agricultural land in the world. About 60% of rural Indian households make their living from agriculture. The agro-based industry saw a growth at a CAGR of 16.4% over FY10 to FY18. Agricultural exports from India reached US$ 38.54 billion in FY19 and in FY20 (till November 2019) US$ 22.69 billion. With many initiatives for farmers, the government aims to double farmers’ income by 2022. So, we have compiled a list of Indian Agricultural startups that are making a name and increasing their growth in quick succession. Agriculture sector in India is suffering from a variety of problems like the use of outdated equipment, improper infrastructure, and farmers unable to access a wider range of 

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Horticulture value chains are facing growing consumer expectations for variety, food safety and security. Most horticulture supply chains operate in a push-based approach rather than demand driven or pull based, which leads to a mismatch between demand expectations and supply side capabilities. In developed markets in, India, horticulture supply chains are experiencing by excess capacity, lack of differentiation and lower prices and ultimately leading to glut. 326 mt of Horticultural production for year ending 2019-20, the emerging market challenges are more related to supply shortage, lack of product variety, and safety and quality of the produce. 

Introduction The wide range of agro-climatic and agro-ecological situations that prevail in the country supports cultivation of a variety of horticultural crops. The horticultural sector in the country is experiencing a phenomenal growth as far as increase in area, production and productivity are concerned. However, there is a lot of opportunities for enhancing productivity, post- harvest processing, value addition, hi-tech horticulture and precision farming etc. Hence, it will be enterprising to develop this sector, especially among the marginal and small farmers, so that that it will help them doubling their income from farm sector. 

Principal Scientist and Head (I/C), Division of Social Sciences and Training Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru, Karnataka Team Building The effectiveness of the organization will depend on the extent to which the individuals and groups work as teams. People vary in their need to belong to teams. Some people are loners, while to others it gives them satisfaction to be a part of the team. However, the demands of an organization are such people have to work as teams to get the work done and achieve set goals and objectives. When work together, they use two types of skills-task and process. Since process influences, often critically, task results it follows that people need to develop both sorts of skills, and to be aware of them in others. The operative and cooperative processes will have bearing on team building. In other words, the extent to which the people in a group are able to develop a common vision and method of work to be done will help groups of people to emerge as teams. 

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Extension organizations are highly sociable organizations with a definite purpose of using the grass root principle and democratic leadership in bringing transience in the organization and society. In this direction the communication styles most suited for these extension functionaries in bringing these transitions need to be studied and understood and developed for effective functioning of these organizations as nucleus of change in transforming societies for development

Horticulture value chains are facing growing consumer expectations for variety, food safety and security. Most horticulture supply chains operate in a push-based approach rather than demand driven or pull based, which leads to a mismatch between demand expectations and supply side capabilities. In developed markets in, India, horticulture supply chains are experiencing by excess capacity, lack of differentiation and lower prices and ultimately leading to glut. Last year the 326 MT of Horticultural production for year ending 2019-20, emerging market challenges are more related to supply shortage, lack of product variety, and safety and quality of the produce. All this leads to low income among hortipreneurs, who lack visioning and strategy for production and value addition opportunities in horticulture.

Division of PHT & Agricultural Engineering, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Pos Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka The supply chain management is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service required by the end customer (Mentzer, 2007). The horticultural supply chain includes entire vertical chain of activities from the supply of input (seed, fertilizer, chemicals) through production, postharvest operations, distribution and retail. Presently, not many details are available in the public domain related to the supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India. There is a need for a new revolution to bring down the prices of agricultural produce for consumers through an efficient supply chain management and incentivize farmers to increase their production (Roy, 2015). 

Division of PHT & Agricultural Engineering, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or conversion of foods of one form into other forms. Food processing includes various operations viz. grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods. The processes and procedures used to transform one or more raw ingredients into a consumable product are all included in food processing units. Animal husbandry, horticulture, plantations, agriculture, and fisheries include the use of food processing facilities. It also includes other sectors that produce finished food goods using agricultural inputs. 

Programme Coordinator, KVK, Gonikoppal, Karnataka Horticultural extension also known as a horticultural advisory service plays a crucial role in boosting horticultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods and promoting horticulture as an engine of economic growth in rural areas. Horticultural Extension needs to provide a critical support service for rural farmers at the same time meeting the new challenges faced by them in their farming. Horticultural extension in remote and hilly terrains is difficult and time consuming, requiring some innovative methodologies to meet the farmers needs and expectations. At KVK we decided to experiment with an idea of a farmers collective organization, established and nurtured right from the beginning at KVK itself with support from its host organization (ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru) and NABARD, Kodagu. 

Former Director, ICAR-IIHR, Hesaraghatta Lake Post Bengaluru- 560089 Karnataka The ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, organized five- day National Horticulture Fair (NHF 2021) from February 8th to 12th with the theme ‘Horticulture: for start-up and stand-up India’ in collaboration with several agencies. The fair was held on a dual mode with the approaches of virtual and physical. 

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089, Karnataka Introduction The word ‘risk’ derives from the early Italian risicare, which means ‘to dare’. In this sense, risk is a choice rather than a fate (Bernstein, 1996). It is an inherent trait in humans to take chances. We believe that even though the future is uncertain we can make calculated choices based on our knowledge of past occurrences and the outcomes will be skewed in our favour. 

  Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka A value chain is a series of consecutive steps that go into the creation of a finished product, from its initial design to its arrival at a customer’s door. The chain identifies each step in the process at which value is added, including the sourcing, manufacturing, and marketing stages of its production. A company conducts a value-chain analysis by evaluating the detailed procedures involved in each step of its business. The purpose of a value-chain analysis is to increase production efficiency so that a company can deliver maximum value for the least possible cost.

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Entrepreneurs have many forms of retail business ownership available to them. Each business model has its own list of pros and cons. Choosing a type of retail business to start will depend on why you want to own a business, as well as your lifestyle, family, personality, basic skills and much more. Here are a few of the main types of retail ownership and the advantages, disadvantages, and support system of each.

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Business analytics focuses on data, statistical analysis and reporting to help investigate and analyze business performance, provide insights, and drive recommendations to improve performance. What are the 4 types of business analytics?

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Introduction In the face of growing threat of accelerating climate change, global focus is shifting towards plant-based alternatives as a means for climate resilient ecosystems to meet the food requirements of global population. Such a change in priority is also seen in the growing global awareness towards a shift in daily ‘diets’ away from the meat-based ones towards healthier and balanced ones involving fruits and vegetables that provides cheaper yet nutritionally secure alternatives. A reiteration of this fact that speaks volumes about the changing priority is the UN declaration of the year 2021-22 as ‘the International Year of Fruits & Vegetables’ to raise awareness about balanced nutrition and to direct policy towards efficient management of production with minimizing post- harvest losses and wastage.

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka Introduction…. A few key things to know India is predominantly an agrarian economy which employs around 43% of its workforce in the agriculture sector, but it contributes only 16 % to the GDP (FY2020) and the sector contributes to 12 % of the country’s export. The Food and Agri startup space constitutes agritech and food tech companies, incubators, accelerators, investors, farmers and MSME, etc. Owing to the rising interest and conducive environment for business (esp. start ups), investment activity in this space has been increasing over the years. We are still at a nascent stage. w.r.t to investment and market penetration.

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka What is a funding pitch? A pitch deck lets you present your business plan to potential investors when new funding is needed to develop the business. You don’t need a pitch deck to attract funding if your business is successful, growing organically and at the right level and scale for the market and your ambitions.

Principal Scientist and I/c Head, Division of Social Sciences and Training, IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 560 089, Karnataka The business plan answers the key questions about the business: who, what, where, when, why, and how. For a developing business, it begins the process of making an idea materialize into reality and determining whether or not an idea should become reality. It also establishes goals and benchmarks for the business. A comprehensive business plan makes it easier for a business to receive external support, especially in terms of financing from potential investors, lenders, and grant sources. Finally, and possible most importantly, going through the process of planning is very valuable because it forces the business owners and/or managers to think through every detail of the business.