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Modem society depends on journalism and communications because they inform and educate the public about a wide range of subjects and events. It is essential for influencing public opinion and building a progressive, educated society. Agricultural journalism is an important tool for communicating with farmers, homemakers, and others. Newspaper stories, magazine articles, leaflets, pamphlets, bulletins, circular letters, wall newspapers, and radio scripts are increasingly being written and read or listened to by extension staff. The book contains the procedure of agricultural story writing, Headline writing, Lay- outing, Caption writing, Gathering information etc.

The word journalism is derived from the word “Journal” which means a daily register or a diary. • Journalism is the written, spoken, or visual dissemination of information about a day’s events. • A journalist is someone who works as a writer or editor for a newspaper or magazine. • Father of journalism: Joseph Pulitzer • Father of journalism in India: James Augustus Hicky

Definition Agricultural journalism is a specialized branch of journalism that deals with the techniques of receiving, writing, editing and reporting from information through the media like newspapers, periodicals, radio, TV, advertising etc. and the management processes connected with such production. It is the timely reporting and editing with words and photography of agricultural news and information for newspaper, magazine, radio and television. It is otherwise known as Farm journalism Farm journalism is very important for communicating with farm people. More and more of the extension staff’s writing is being read or listened to in newspapers, magazines, brochures, pamphlets, bulletins, circular letters, wall newspapers, and radio scripts. The written work makes working as a consultant with farmers more fascinating. Principles of Farm/Agricultural journalism

The term “communication media” describes the channels through which data or information is sent and received. These tools or channels for data storage and transmission are known as transmission and storage means in telecommunication. It is the effective weapon in today’s environment that eliminates societal ills and anomalies. Popular types of communication media Television: Transmits and receives moving images that can be monochrome (black-and-white) or coloured, with or without accompanying sound. Audiovisual medium of communication Radio: Uses electromagnetic waves with frequencies lower than visible light to modulate and transmit signals. Modulation in electronics is the process of changing one or more characteristics of the carrier signal, a high frequency periodic waveform, in relation to a modulating signal.

  Types • News story • Feature story • Success story • Popular article • Radio and TV script • Process or utility feature • General information feature • Experience feature • Personality feature News story • Any new information, idea, event, situation or development, that is of interest to a large number of people, is a news. • Any event when reported becomes a news.  

Sources of information News is constantly occurring. There is a newsworthy event happening somewhere in the world every minute of every day. People, letters, books, files, videos, cassettes, and other materials thatjoumahsts utilise to put together news articles can all serve as sources of information. Types of sources Primary sources: A person with first-hand knowledge of a problem or a document they produced can both be considered primary sources. They are typically the best sources of knowledge regarding their particular aspect of what occurred. They should be able to provide you with reliable information as well as powerful opinions. Example: Artifacts, audio recordings, diaries, internet communication, interview, letters, peer-reviewed journal articles, original documents, patents, photos, proceedings, records of organizations, speeches, videos, survey results, works of art, web sites.

• A title should be able to talk. It ought to make a point that both informs and amuses the audience. • A headline needs to be concise and sum up the story. • A headline should engage readers and entice them to read the material behind it. • Make use of recognisable acronyms. • Assist in setting the publication’s general tone. • The headline ought to be assertive and upbeat. • Function as a visual component on the page. Choosing and designing news headlines • If necessary, the headline should be written in all capital letters. • Double-tick the letter that needs to be capitalised.  

Fundamentals of writing farm stories 1. Use of plain and simple language: A farm journalist would have translated technical terms into their plain language. 2. Presentation of novel ideas: People are open to new concepts that are logically explained and will increase their return on investment as a whole. 3. Keep the message brief and to the point so that farmers can recall it. The information should be focused on the benefits that can be attained without using an excessive amount of wording. 4. Use of visuals: Visuals add interest, are more memorable, and have deeper significance. A statement is more understandable and pleasing to the eye when there are more visuals present. 5. Farmers are very receptive to messages that are recent, reliable, realistic, and relevant (the “4Rs”). 6. The audience appreciates and accepts the message that is centred on their environment, locations, and selves.

The ease with which a text can be read is referred to as readability. Complexity, recognizability, legibility, and typography are all possible inclusions. Sentence length, syllable density, and word familiarity are common considerations in readability algorithms. It refers to how easily a reader can comprehend a written content. The complexity of a text’s vocabulary and syntax, as well as how it is presented, determine how easily it may be understood in natural language (such as typographic aspects like font size, line height, and line length). Why is readability important?

A decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process that is intended to be included in published media including posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games, and films is called an illustration. Using Illustrations We can comprehend information better when it is shown. Illustrations were one of our first forms of communication, long before any kind of contemporary writing. In reality, new discoveries of cave drawings from more than 35,000 years ago show that humanity have been using images to communicate for a very long time. This did not occur by accident; according to study, over 90% of the information we process is visual, and a significant portion of our brain is dedicated to visual processing. Benefits of using Illustrations  

Cutlines, another name for photo captions, are a few lines of text that provide context or additional information for published images. In some circumstances, captions and cutlines are distinct from one another. A caption is a brief (often one-line) title or explanation for the picture, whereas a cutline is a longer, prose block that describes the picture more thoroughly, provides context, or connects it to the article. The first things people read in a publication are frequently the photo captions. A crucial component of a news photographer’s job is writing captions for photos. The reader should receive the essential information from a photo caption in order to comprehend the image and its news value. Caption writing should adhere to the same professional standards of clarity, accuracy, and completeness as any other writing that appears in a publication. A lousy caption can lessen the impact of a beautiful photo and damage the caption’s reputation as journalism by being uninformative or, worse, misleading. Why should readers believe the rest of the publication if they can’t trust the accuracy of the straightforward information in a caption?

Editing Editing is the process of refining the content, structure, grammar, and presentation of a written work. Editing is done to make sure that your thoughts are communicated to the reader as clearly as possible. It takes more than just changing a word, adding a comma here and there, and fixing spelling errors to edit a tale. The procedures below must be followed in order to edit effectively. 1. Read the story from beginning to end first. The writer’s intent will become clearer to you at this point. Then check to see if it addresses the following queries: what? Why? Where? When? Who? and how - regarding the topic. 2. Make your notes in the margin while keeping these inquiries in mind. 3. Next, consider the general level of education and comprehension of your magazine or letter’s readers. Make a note of every word you believe they won’t comprehend. 4. Next, determine how long the story should be. What room in your magazine can you offer it? It is preferable to rewrite the story rather than attempt to condense it by omitting some details if you need a very brief copy. 5. Verify that the information is logically ordered and, if a process story, that the directions are comprehensive and given in the right sequence.

1. Journalism has its birth in India in the year—— Ans: 1780 2. All activities concerned with the communication of mass media is not journalism. Ans: True 3. A ban on publication before a specific date is called as ——. Ans: Embargo 4. In India Journalism was started state. Ans: West Bengal 5. The first Agricultural publication was ——. Ans: Kheti 6. Newspaper editorial has a purpose of—— Ans: Providing a newspaper with the chance to voice it’s opinions 7. Articles are written by—— Ans: Newspaper and magazine reporters 8. Mass media support to Agricultural Extension scheme was launched in Ans: April 2005 9. The latest edition of the magazine is called as—— Ans: Current Issue