Ebooks

This book owes its origin to the sincere and hardworking analysis of questions being asked in examinations like ARS, NET, SRF, JRF, PG entrance examination at SAUs and various forestry related competitive examinations at state and national level. The compilation is an endeavour to present day relevant questions in user friendly or systematically in more reliable way. The questions presented in this book will give an idea about the model questions and will help to be focused. The main objective of this book is to help the readers, especially students of forestry graduates, to quickly grasp the facts comprehensively and systematically from various subjects of forestry like Agroforestry, Silviculture, Forest mensuration, Forest Product Utilization, Tree improvement, Forest management, Forest protection, Tree physiology, Tree seed technology, Forest statistics, Rangeland management, Forest engineering, Wildlife management, Forest ecology and environment, Forest biotechnology, Forest soil, Remote sensing, Wood Science and Technology with other additional information related to forestry. This book consists of 21 chapters covering more than 4500 questions on various aspects of forestry. This book will meet out the growing need of forestry students to acquire the up to date information in the various subjects of forestry for getting success in forestry related competitive examinations. We hope that the information provided and compiled in the form of questions would be useful for students of Forestry and Environmental faculties and it serves our purpose. Readers are welcome to point out errors and omissions, if any, in the book and also requested to send their valuable suggestions for further improvement of quality of this book.

1. Taungya is a method of raising forest plantation in combination with_____________. (Agricultural crops) 2. Buffer strips left along streams to reduce erosion and provide shade for fish, which are known as _____________. (Streamside Management Zone, SMZ) 3. Agroforestry system journal is published in_____________. (Netherland) 4. Indian journal of agroforestry is a_____________journal. (Quarterly) 5. Taungya was developed by_____________. (Brandis) 6. The interaction in which both the member of the community in an ecosystem are benefitted is known as_____________. (Mutualism) 7. The tendency of neighbouring plants to utilize the same quantum of light, mineral nutrients and space is known as_____________. (Competition) 8. Allelopathy is the best example of_____________. (Amensalism) 9. D & D approach was developed by_____________. (ICRAF) 10. _____________design is followed in greenhouse experiments. (RBD)

1. The “silviculture of Indian trees” in three volume was published in 1921, by _____________. (R.S. Troup) 2. _____________ silvicultural system aims at opening of the canopy for regeneration and even-aged condition of the crop. (Uniform shelter wood system) 3. Irregular involutions and convolutions on the bole just above the base of a tree are called as ____________. (Fluting) 4. Stool shoots refers to the production of coppice shoots from_____________ of stumps. (Near the top) 5. Geographical area covered by forest area in India is_____________ per cent. (21-22%) 6. Indian forests were classified into _______ number of groups by Champion and Seth in 1968. (16) 7. The most favourable soil for the growth of Shorea robusta (Sal) is_____________. (Well drained deep moist sandy loam) 8. The clear felling system was introduced for the first time by_____________. (Heinrich Vancotta) 9. The book “Genera Plantarum” was written by_____________. (Englaer and Prantl) 10. “Pricking” is a term used in raising plants in_____________ area. (Main plantation)

1.      Callipers are used to measure_____________. (Diameter) 2.      Biltmore stick is used to measure_____________. (Diameter) 3.      Wedge prism with 5 BAF and tallied 50 numbers of trees/ acre then basal area per acre is_____________ __________. (250) 4.      A ring count is most accurate in aging tree by using increment borer on _____________ of the trunk. (Lower region) 5.      False ring is a/an_____________ ring for a given year. (Second) 6.      A formula to determine diameter quotient for each form class is called_____________. (Hojer’s formula) 7.      The instrument used to determine the age of a tree is_____________. (Pressler’s increment borer) 8.      _____________ ,_____________ and_____________ are the variables required for general volume table preparation. (Diameter, height and form) 9.      The sampling method used in non-random sampling are_____________ ,_____________ and _____________. (Selective, Systematic and Sequential) 10.  _____________ formula is used for determining increment per cent. (Schneider’s)

The Indian Institute of Forest management is located at_____________(Bhopal) First forest policy in independent India was enacted in_____________(1952) A plan of operations for the management of the forest is known as_____________. (Working plan) _____________ are the yields harvested as a matter thinning operation. (Intermediate yields) Indian Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in the year_____________.(1972) The present National Forest Policy envisages having_____________percent of forest and tree cover. (33%) Forest conservation act was enacted in the year_____________. (1980) Indian forest act was enacted in the year_____________. (1927) Density of tree in a forest stand is normally expressed as__________________________. (Basal area of the stand in square feet.)

1. The process of harvesting, conversion and disposal of standing forest produce is called _____________. (Forest utilization) 2. Palmarosa grass oil is known as_____________. (Geranium Oil) 3. Terminalia chebula fruit tans is commonly called as_____________. (Myrobalans) 4. The gum resin_____________ is obtained from Garcinia morella. (Gamboges) 5. Black dammer is_____________. (Canarium strictum) 6. Rock dammer is_____________. (Hopea odorata) 7. White dammer is_____________. (Vetaria indica) 8. True dammer is_____________. (Agathis loranthifolius) 9. The Indian copal tree is_____________. (Vetaria indica) 10. The Indian gum arabica or babul gum is obtained from_____________ species. (Acacia nilotica)

Physiologically heart wood is_____________. (Dead) Sapwood is rich in_____________ material. (Starch) Growth rings are also called as_____________. (Annual rings) Earlywood and late wood are referred as and_____________ respectively. (Spring wood and Summer wood) _____________ is the light coloured outer portion of a tree log consisting of the youngest growth rings. (Sapwood) The deep coloured central portion of wood is_____________. (Heartwood) _____________ and_____________ are function of sapwood. (Conduction of sap and Food storage) The function of the heartwood is_____________. (Mechanical strength) Vessels and fibres are absent in_____________ wood. (Non-porous)

Life history of Indian termite was first published by_____________. (J.G. Koeing) Plant disease written by_____________. (R.S. Singh) J. W. Helfer seems to have the first to collect insects because these were pest of trees during the year_____________. (1810) The largest insect order is_____________. (Coleoptera) Project directorate of biological control is located at_____________. (Bangalore) Main skeletal structure to which most of the muscle attached is_____________. (Thorax) The outmost waxy layer of insect body is called_____________. (Cuticle) Insect body consists of series of segment designated as_____________. (Sclerite) _____________ is the author of the book entitled “The ecology of forest insect”. (CFC Beesom)

Tree improvement consists of_____________ and_____________. (Silviculture and tree breading) Variation within the local progenies is due to_____________. (Environment) Larger units of similar vegetation are referred as_____________. (Biome) _____________ is the only gaseous hormone. (Ethylene) More genetic gain can be achieved in the_____________ seed orchard. (Clonal) _____________ is known as father of genetics. (Mendel) Pure line theory was proposed by_____________. (Johannsen) Self-incompatibility hampers the development of_____________. (Inbreds) Progeny having both parent identities is known as_____________. (Fullsib)

Term biotechnology was coined by_____________. (Karl Ereky) Applied use of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology is _______. (Biotechnology) Bacteria are present everywhere except in_____________. (Distil water) The branch of science dealing with the study of microbes is known as _______. (Microbiology) The unique properties of each amino acid are determined by its particular_____________. (R-groups) Optical isomerism arises from the presence of a/ an_____________ atom. (Asymmetric carbon) In the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid,_____________ enzyme catalyses the successive steps. (Eleven) _____________ plants are used to accumulate pollutants from soil thus clears soil from pollutants. (Phytoremediation) _____________ contains only one type of nucleic acid. (Virus)

_____________ is a fertilize ovule consisting of intact embryo stored food and seed coat, which is viable and has got the capacity to germinate. (Seed) The content of other than seeds such as straw, soil particles, small stones and seeds of other species is called_____________. (Inert material) Initial seed obtained from the selected individual plants of a particular variety or parental line, used to produce breeder seed and forms the basis of the total seed production chain is_____________ seed. (Nucleus) The loss of weight of a sample when it is dried due to decrease in_____________. (Moisture) A specified quantity of seed, physically identifiable in respect of which an international analysis certificate may be issued is called_____________. (Seed lot) The blowers are used for_____________. (Purity of seeds) A type of seed that is not certified but the labelling is done to indicate the quality or standard in a truthful manner is called_____________ seed. (Truthfully labelled seed) The reagent used for biochemical test for determining seed viability is_____________. (Tetrazolium chloride or Bromide) The food material contained in_____________that nourishes the embryo during its development. (Endosperm)

_____________ is the main source of energy for the earth. (Sun) The major cause of ‘Minamata’ disease in Japan was due to pollution by_____________. (Mercury) _____________ method in water analysis is used for the quantitative estimation of dissolved oxygen. (Modified Winkler’s method) Systematic scientific study of fresh water ecosystem is called as_____________. (Limnology) The Earth Summit held in 1992, was organised at_____________. (Rio de Janeiro) The altitude of troposphere in atmosphere is about_____________ kilometre. (Upto 11 km) Bhopal gas tragedy took place in the year_____________. (1984) The unit of noise pollution is measured in_____________. (Decibel) Most important mitigation strategy for reducing global warming and climate change is _____________. (Carbon sequestration)

Forest soils are_____________ in nature. (Acidic) The term soil originated from latin word ‘Solum’ which means_____________. (Floor) Most commonly used sources of N fertilizer in forestry is_____________. (NH4)2SO4 _____________ is considered as the father of pedology. (V. V. Dokuchaev) _____________ is considered as father of soil testing. (Troug) Land capability class was given by_____________ and_____________. (Klingebiel and Montgomery) The law of the minimum was given by_____________ in 1862. (Liebig) Law of restriction was proposed by_____________. (Liebig) The soil structural classification followed in India is according to_____________. (USDA)

A plant cell constitutes the_____________ per cent of water. (80-90%) Photosynthesis is the process of conversion of_____________ energy into _____________ energy. (Radiant, Chemical) Dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs in_____________ and light reaction occurs in _____________ region of chloroplast. (Matrix, Lamellae) The connecting link between glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle is_____________. (Pyruvic acid) _____________ is responsible for turgidity of plant cells. (Osmosis) A diffusion of liquids through a semi-permeable membrane is known as_____________. (Osmosis) The diffusion of solvent particles into a living cell is known as_____________. (Endo-osmosis) The diffusion of solvent particles out of a living cell is known as_____________. (Exo-osmosis) The outward pressure exerted by the cell solution on the cell wall which is developed due to osmotic diffusion of water is called as_____________. (Turgor pressure)

‘Agrostoogical’ refers to cultivation of_____________. (Grasses) Land on which the potential plant community is composed periodically of native grass, forbs and shrubs valuable for forage and in sufficient quantity to justifying grazing use is called as_____________. (Rangeland) The basic object of range management is to_____________ and_____________ the rangeland for higher production of fodder, rich in nutritive value and palatability. (Improve & maintain) ICAR had carried a grassland survey of India in 1954 by Wnyte, Venkatramanan and Dabadghao had found_____________ types of grass land in different environment. (8) The main reason for the enormous increase in livestock population is_____________. (Social attitude of the people) All the vegetation consumed by grazing animals including fruits and twigs of trees and shrubs is called_____________. (Pasturage & forage) The practice by which the gap can be bridged between the requirement and availability of animal feeds and fodder is known as_____________. (Grass land techniques) The scientists_____________ have recognised five type of grass covers in India. (Dabadghao & Shankar Narayan, 1979) The maximum area of about 2.8 milloin square kilometre is covered under_____________ type of grassland in India. (Phragmites Saccharum type)

The technique of acquiring information about some object by recording devices, without being in physical contact with the object under study is_____________. (Remote sensing) The term remote sensing was coined by ____________. (Ms. Evelyn Pruitt) Father of Indian remote sensing is ________________. (Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty) In remote sensing_____________ type of radiation is utilized for photography.(Infra red) First aerial photograph was taken in 1858 by Felix Tournachon, known as ________, from a tethered ballon over the Bievre Valley in France. (Nadar) Remote sensing systems which provide their own source of energy for illumination are known as_____________. (Active sensors) _____________ sensors are very useful in detecting and mapping forest fires. (Thermal sensors) Land cover classification using three levels of the scale of 1 : 100000 was developed by _____________agency. (NRSA) The forest survey of India (FSI) conducts forest cover survey once in every_____________. (2 years)

An imaginary line joining the points of equal elevation on the surface of the earth represents_____________. (Contour lines) The vertical distance between consecutive contours lines is called_____________. (Contour interval) When measured with a compass, the line of sight that run midway between due North and due West has a bearing of_____________. (N 45 degree W) A survey of a large area which consider the earth’s curvature is called a _____________ survey. (Geodetic) The distinctive feature of topographic maps is the_____________ of the land. (Shape or Contour) The colour used to depict fence lines and important roads on a topographic map is _____________ and_____________. (Red and black) A surveyor’s chain is divided into links and each link is_____________ long. (0.66 feet) A body of water on a topographic map is presented by_____________ colour. (Blue) On a topographic map a ploughed field would be sown as_____________ colour. (White)

A measure of the items in a random sample is known as_____________. (Statistics) Most commonly used measure of central tendency is_____________. (Arithmetic Mean) Mean deviation is the_____________, when calculated about median. (Least) Arithmetic mean of central tendency is applied for calculation of_____________ and _____________. (Regression and Correlation coefficient) Arithmetic mean and variance are always equal in_____________ distribution. (Poisson) Geometric mean of central tendency is appropriate for_____________. (Index number) _____________ is the sum of all values/ number of values. (Arithmetic mean) Middle most item of all values is_____________. (Median) _____________ measure of central tendency requires data arrangement in ascending or descending order for its estimation. (Median)

_____________ coined the term wildlife. (William Hornday) National Biodiversity Board is situated at_____________. (New Delhi) The term biodiversity was coined by_____________. (Edward Wilson) The study of combination of animal behaviour and ecology is called as_____________. (Ethology) _____________ is the place where an organism or community lives. (Habitat) _____________ is the living medium of the habitat in a wetland. (Water) _____________can be defined as the functional status of an organism in an ecosystem or the role played by a species in its natural habitat. (Niche) The food which is totally non-nutritive and is consumed by the animals only to fulfil its stomach is called ___________. (Stuffing food) The period in which the food is not sufficiently available and causes trouble to the animal, is called __________. (Pinch period)

The term extension is __________ word. (Latin) _____________ is the father of extension. (Leagnes) The term extension was first used in _____________. (U.K.) The goal of the extension is to promote ______________. (Scientific out-look) The success of rural projects depends upon ______________. (Agricultural Extension) The National Extension Service was started in the year ___________. (2nd Oct., 1953) Training of Rural Youth for self employment was started in the year _____________. (1980) Agriculture extension was first started in ________________. (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) T & V programme was introduced in ____________. (1974)