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VALUE ADDITION IN FLOWERS AND ORCHIDS

Lakshman Chandra De
  • Country of Origin:

  • Imprint:

    NIPA

  • eISBN:

    9789389547184

  • Binding:

    EBook

  • Number Of Pages:

    306

  • Language:

    English

Individual Price: 2,650.00 INR 2,385.00 INR + Tax

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Ornamental crops provide better income from a unit area with higher profitability. The production of flower crops has increased significantly and there is huge demand for floricultural products in the world resulting in growing international flower trade. Value addition in floriculture increases the economic value and consumer appeal of any floral commodity. The present publication on “Value Addition in Flowers and Orchids” is planned in 12 interesting s vividly highlighting value addition in flower crops and orchids covering wide range of aspects. The first 10 s are represented by various value added products from commercial flowers viz. rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, anthurium, gerbera, gladiolus, tuberose, tulip, lilium, freesia, iris, alstroemeria, liatris, strelitzia, solidago, dahlia, jasmine, marigold, crossandra, barleria, annuals, herbaceous perennials, flowering shrubs, house plants, aquatic plants, bulbous plants, cacti and succulents and lesser known ornamentals. Two most important s on value addition in flower crop like orchid are separately dealt in details in this publication. These commercial orchids presented in this book include Aerides, Anoectichilus, Arachnis, Ascocentrum, Bulbophyllum, Calanthe, Cattleya, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Doritis, Epidendrum, Eulophia, Gastrochilus, Habenaria, Laelia, Miltonia, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum, Phaius, Phalaenopsis, Pholidota, Pleione, Renanthera, Rhyncostylis, Vanda, Zygopetalum. It may be humbly claimed that this is the first book of its kind on value addition in flower crops including orchids in India. I sincerely hope that this book on “Value Addition in Flowers and Orchids” will be useful to teachers, students, scientists, plant breeders, plant biotechnologists, planners, exporters, amateurs and professional flower growers.

0 Start Pages

Preface Floriculture is fast emerging and highly competitive industry with the continuous introduction of new varieties and new crops, cultural techniques and development of new products. Ornamental crops provide better income from a unit area with higher profitability. There is huge untapped flower production potential in our country which could benefit a large segments of the weaker sections of the society. Both the domestic market and the export potential of flowers and ornamentals are tremendous. Besides, earning foreign exchange and improving the national income, the floriculture business being labour intensive generates gainful employment to rural youth. About 4,00000 hectares are under flower production in different countries of the world. In terms of total area in production, Asia-Pacific with an area of 2,44,263 ha accounts for nearly 60 per cent of the total world area. China and India have large total area under flower cultivation. Total area under flower cultivation in India is 1,26,235 ha during 2007-08. India has 26.2 per cent of the total area, but under protected cultivation the area is hardly measurable, which is around 600 ha. Flowers grown under protected green houses in different countries around the world is about 60,000 hectares. The maximum area under greenhouse cultivation of ornamental crops is in Japan, followed by the U.S.A., the Netherlands, Columbia, Italy, Germany, Spain, Korea and France. The value of international floriculture trade is US $ 11 billion.

 
1 Value Added Products from Flower Crops

India is bestowed with diverse agroclimatic zones which aids in the cultivation of large number of commercial flowers like rose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, tuberose, jasmine, marigolds, orchids, lavender, lily, anthurium, gerbera, potted plants, cut foliages, bedding plants etc. In floriculture trade, value addition takes place at every step to create a novel product and to cater the demand of heterogeneous consumers. In the international floriculture trade, besides floriculture and pot plants, many other value added products include artificial colouring of the flowers to create novelty, aqua-packing for better presentation and attraction, three dimensional window packing of flowers for greater visibility, garland, venis, bouquets, flower arrangements etc.

1 - 32 (32 Pages)
INR204.00 INR184.00 + Tax
 
2 Value Addition in Commercial Flowers

Rose Rose is a perennial erect shrub, climber or trailing plant  belonging to the genus Rosa within the  family Rosaceae. The plants bear large and showy flowers of white, yellow, red, pink, orange and various shades. Most of the species are native to Asia. Valuable Genetic Resources

33 - 84 (52 Pages)
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3 Value Addition in Annuals

Annual plants complete their life cycle within the space of one year are called annuals. They have multipurpose uses like as cut flowers, a wealth of bloom through out the summer and early autumn months; as component in herbaceous border, to make colour scheme, for window boxes and porches, as pot plants in green house or conservatory, for edging, for drying and herbal medicines.

85 - 88 (4 Pages)
INR204.00 INR184.00 + Tax
 
4 Value Addition in Herbaceous Perennials

Herbaceous perennial flowers complete their life cycle in more than a year and usually bloom during a specific time period every year during the growing season. These flowers are hardy and herbaceous. They are popular in their dried form for beautiful and exotic dried flower arrangements. Besides, perennials are used as ground covers, mixed with annuals, grown as potted plants and used as accents or specimen plants. Some important perennial flowers are Baby’s Breath, Bells of Ireland, Blue Globe Thistle, Carnation Flowers, Daisy Flowers, Flax, Hibiscus, Hollyhock, Iris, Ladys Mantle,Larkspur, Lavender, Lily Flower, Monkshood, Pearl Everlasting, Rose Flowers, Statice, Sunflower, Yarrow.

89 - 92 (4 Pages)
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5 Value Addition in Flowering Shrubs

Shrubs are group of plants having woody stems and multi-branching from the base of the plant. These plants are useful to build up the framework of the planting scheme for screens, ground covers, flowers and hedges. They vary in blooming time, colour, size, growth habit, fragrance as well as situations.

93 - 96 (4 Pages)
INR204.00 INR184.00 + Tax
 
6 Value Addition in House Plants

Foliage or house plants are mostly those with attractive foliages or flowers and are able to survive and grow under indoor conditions. They are mostly used for interior decoration or interior plantscaping. Foliage plants of world’s importance include Aglaonema, Dieffenbachia, Dracena, Epidendrum, Ficus, Peperomia, Philodendron, Sansevieria, Syngonium, Schfflera, ferns, Anthurium, Codiaeum. Florida shares more than 55% in foliage industry.

97 - 102 (6 Pages)
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7 Value Addition in Aquatic Plants

Aquatic plants are essential to maintain water balance. They also keep out the dreaded algal bloom. Aquatic plants absorb the minerals and carbon dioxide in the water. Pond plants are classified into four groups: oxygenators, marginals, floaters and aquatic. Oxygenators such as buttercup and water violet supply lots of oxygen in the water. Marginals are ornamental pond plants and planted in pots or baskets in the edge of the ponds to provide space for fishes or frogs, e.g., Primula. Floaters like water hyacinth help in keeping algae at bay and also provide enough cover for tadpoles or small fish.

103 - 106 (4 Pages)
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8 Value Addition in Bulbous Plants

Bulbous plants are herbaceous perennial or biennial ornamental plants which produce fleshy storage organs including true bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes and tuberous roots. These underground organs have capacity to store moisture and nutrients are utilized by bulbous plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat in a dormant state.

107 - 110 (4 Pages)
INR204.00 INR184.00 + Tax
 
9 Value Addition in Cacti and Other Succulents

Cacti Cacti belong to the family Cactaceae comprising of 130 genera and 2000 species and bear a complex organ, a cushion like structure spirally arranged over the stem called ‘areoles’ from which spines, hairs, flowers and shoots develop. In tribe, Pereskieae, the plants are leafy bushes or shrubby and characterized by areoles on the stem and by the typical flower borne in clusters, e.g. Maihuenia, Pereskia and Rhodocactus.

111 - 120 (10 Pages)
INR204.00 INR184.00 + Tax
 
10 Value Addition in Lesser Known Ornamental Plants

India is bestowed with varied agroclimate ranging from mild tropical zones to alpine zones and congenial for several types of ornamental plants in different seasons. Worldwide China and India have large total areas under flower cultivation. Among top ten cut flowers, rose ranks the first position followed by spray chrysanthemum, tulip, lily, gerbera, cymbidium, freesia, chrysanthemum, anthurium, alstroemeria and carnation. In view of rapid changing global competition, diversification into lesser known potential new ornamental plants play key role in fetching premium prices. Most of the potential exotic ornamentals plants have been introduced from Australia, South Africa, Israel, New Zealand and Eastern USA. There are about more than 60 types of new ornamentals reported to be hold potential for commercial importance. All these newly introduced ornamental plants require the following stages of research and development.

121 - 144 (24 Pages)
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11 Value Added Products from Orchids

Orchids comprise the largest family of flowering plants with 25,000 to 35000  species belonging to 600-800 genera. They are prized for their incredible diversity in the size, shape and colour and attractiveness of their  flowers and high keeping qualities even upto 10 weeks. In the international trade, among   top ten cut flowers, orchids rank the sixth position and among orchids Cymbidium ranks the first position and in floricultural crops it accounts for 3% of the total cut flower production. In India, it comprises 140 genera and 1300 species which grow upto an elevation of 5000m. Indian terrestrials are located in humus rich moist earth under tree shades in North Western India.  Western Ghats harbour the small flowered orchids. Epiphytic orchids are common in North eastern India which grow upto an elevation of 2000m from sea level.

145 - 174 (30 Pages)
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12 Value Addition in Some Commercial Orchids

Aerides Aerides consists of more than 60 species. These are monopodial epiphytic orchids grown on trunks or branches of trees.  The stems are round, leafy and branched with aerial roots. The strap leaves are thick, leathery and bilobed. The inflorescence is auxillary and drooping. The flowers are many and 2cm in diameter closely set on the inflorescence and generally fragrant.

175 - 246 (72 Pages)
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13 Medicinal Flowers and Orchids

Gladiolus saundersii

247 - 274 (28 Pages)
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14 End Pages

References A Notebook of Information About Gladiolus (1999). daves@ag.arizona.edu. Ali Aberoumand1 and S.S.Deokule (2009). Proximate and mineral composition of wild coco (Eulophia ochreata L.) Tubers in Iran. As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2(02): 203-209. Anthony S. Mercatante (1976). The magic garden: the myth and folklore of flowers, plants, trees, and herbs, Harper & Row, p. 9. Armitage, A.M. (1993). Specialty Cut Flowers. First ed. Varsity Press/Timber Press, Portland. Arora, C.M. (1980). New record of some orchids from N.W. Himalaya VI-Ind. J.For 3:78-79. Barman, D., T. Usha Bharathi, L.C. De and R.P. Medhi (2010). Phalaenopsis cultivation as potted plants-a profitable venture. In: Proceeding of National Symposium on ‘Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities’ held from 19th -21st March, 2010 at Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Barnard, T.T. (1972). On hybrids and hybridization. In : G.J. Lewis, A.A. Obermeyer and T.T. Barnard (Eds.), Gladiolus, A Revision of the South African Species, J.S. Afr. Bot., 10: 304-310. Batten, A. & H. Bokelmann (1966). Wild flowers of the Eastern Cape Province. Books of Africa, Cape Town.

 
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