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ORCHIDS: CULTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT

Ajai Kumar Tiwari
  • Country of Origin:

  • Imprint:

    NIPA

  • eISBN:

    9789389571257

  • Binding:

    EBook

  • Number Of Pages:

    340

  • Language:

    English

Individual Price: 2,750.00 INR 2,475.00 INR + Tax

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Orchids are widely considered to be the most highly evolved of all flowering plants. They are amongst the most beautiful flowers of the entire plant kingdom, combining exotic looks with a diverse set of characteristics. Orchid plants are capable of growing indoors and outdoors, and are no doubt unique difficult to grow successfully. Among flower crops, orchids play a key role in Indian floral economy as they share sizeable export. The vast area and the varied agro-climatic conditions of our country, ranging from tropical to temperate region make possible to grow all kinds of orchids. In this context, a need of simple book on recent advances in cultivation and management of orchid is highly demanded by students of Horticulture & Forestry and florists of India. Thus, this book is brought about mainly to fulfil the above requirement and is also the outcome of our teaching, research and field experiences of several years. Orchid’s morphology, propagation methods, cultivation, breeding, post harvest management, diseases and insect pest management describes in details in this book.

0 Start Pages

Preface   Ornamental Horticulture assumes great importance in improving total environment and checking visual pollution by way of beautification. The flowers have been eulogised by poets and artists for generations not merely for their ornamental value but for their versatile curative properties. The flowers have a unique impact on the human mind, the colour adds beauty, fragrance keeps the mind and body afresh but the harmony lies in the art of flowers arrangement. Human association with flowering plants is prehistoric as they have always been attracted by beautiful and fragrant flowers. Orchids are widely considered to be the most highly evolved of all flowering plants. They are amongst the most beautiful flowers of the entire plant kingdom, combining exotic looks with a diverse set of characteristics. Orchid plants are capable of growing indoors and outdoors, and are no doubt unique difficult to grow successfully. Among flower crops, orchids play a key role in Indian floral economy as they share sizeable export. The vast area and the varied agro-climatic conditions of our country, ranging from tropical to temperate region make possible to grow all kinds of orchids. In this context, a need of simple book on recent advances in cultivation and management of orchid is highly demanded by students of Horticulture & Forestry and florists of India. This book is thus brought about mainly to fulfil the above requirement and is also the outcome of our teaching, research and field experiences of several years. We describe the morphology, propagation methods, cultivation, breeding, post harvest management, diseases and insect pest management of orchids in details in this book. Effort has been made to present the subject matter in a simple and lucid style and highlighting recent available information. The illustrations have been drawn from own specimens with photographs. A number of text books, periodicals, bulletins etc. have been consulted during the preparation of this manuscript. We therefore; express our sincere gratitude to authors, scientists and publishers who have generated the aforesaid scientific literatures. Since, this is the first edition of book and which has been published within a very short time and hence, there may be possibilities of several errors. We would therefore, feel pleasure if critical comments by the readers are provided with regard to same and other limitations in the present edition. The keen interest and the sincere efforts of the publisher of this book “New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi”, needs a special appreciation for publication within a short span of time. We also express our sincere thanks to our colleagues and friends who have contributed and encourage us to bring out this book.

 
1 Introduction to Orchid Flowers

Theophrastus gave the name “ORCHIDS” to the group of bizarre plants on the basis of the resemblance of paired underground tubers of these plants to masculine anatomy. This resemblance was also responsible for the mistaken belief that the orchids posses aphrodisiac properties and eating of underground tubers might “provoke venus” and they may be get male children. The appreciation of orchid beauty has a very long history in both the Western and Eastern cultures. Much of this is attributed to the diverse form and structure of orchids and the large number of species in the orchid family. Orchidaceae is amongst the most diverse family of the flowering plants consisting of 35,000 species under 880 genera (Kumar and Sheela, 2007, Fay and Chase, 2009). Orchids belong to the highest level of organization and are distinguished by the complicated biology of reproduction with long developmental cycle (Vakhrameeva et al., 1991, Sherif et al., 2012). They are beautiful and exotic perennial herbs grown in both north and south hemispheres. They exhibit an incredible range of diversity in size, shape and colour of flowers. Its flowers have lustrous, translucent petals rich in variegated colors and fragrances. Generally Orchids can grow at different elevations (Kumar and  Sheela, 2007).

1 - 20 (20 Pages)
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2 Orchid Improvement

Orchid Morphology Most of the orchids are perennial herbs with simple leaves. Although the specialized flower structure confirms to a standard plan, the vegetative parts are shown great variation, a large number of them being epiphytes, or terrestrial and a few saprophytes are leafless in nature. Orchids can be divided into two groups - monopodial or sympodial depending upon their habit of growth. Monopodial orchids such as Vanda have a main stem which continues to grow year after. Sympodial orchids such as Cymbidium have a main stem, which terminates growth at the end of each season. A new shoot then grows from the base forming its own bulbous stem called pseudo-bulb, which eventually flowers. The pseudo-bulb or thickened stem is a very useful device for the storage of food and water and function like bulbs. In addition to the epiphytic orchids, there are also grounds orchids or terrestrial orchids, which grow like ordinary plants with their roots in soil. Most of the temperate zone orchids are terrestrial and tropical orchids are epiphytes.

21 - 106 (86 Pages)
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3 Production Technology Management

Orchids are perennial ornamental crop, grows well in shady and humid places in wild habitat. The same growing conditions can be achieved by making special structures known as orchidaria or orchid houses. Basics for Orchid House Cultivation The following points should be considered during the construction of orchid houses:-     ·    Topography of land.     ·    Climate of region.     ·    Type of soil and water.     ·    Accessibility of area, transport and marketing facilities.     ·    Proper drainage facilities.     ·    Availability of good quality irrigation water.     ·    A good infrastructure like availability of electricity.

107 - 216 (110 Pages)
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4 Post Harvest Management

India ranks 23rd among world exporters of floriculture products and its share in the world exports are at around 0.38 per cent. It is estimated that fresh cut flowers of worth Rs. 100 crores are being exported annually from India. On the other hand the post harvest losses are estimated to be more than 30-35 per cent. The loss of quality in ornamentals may result from wilting or abscission of leaves and petals, yellowing of leaves and geotropic or phototropic bending of scapes and stems. Several factors prevailing during pre harvest, harvest and post-harvest stage affect the post harvest quality and longevity of cut flowers. Each step in the life span of post-harvest flower is associated with a number of coordinated biochemical, physiological, hormonal and structural changes that are strongly modulated by the fluctuations of environmental factors and stresses of biotic and abiotic origin.

217 - 242 (26 Pages)
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5 Protection Technology

Duff and  Daly (2002) briefly describes the commonly found orchid diseases. These include the Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora, black leg or slow decline caused by Fusarium spp., petal blight caused by Curvularia eragrostidis [PseudocochlioBolus eragrostidis] and Alternaria alternata, top rot/shoot rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica, and stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii [Athelia rolfsii].

243 - 280 (38 Pages)
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6 End Pages

Glossary   Abaxial: Underside of leaf or side facing away from the stem is known as abaxial. Abscission: The separation of a leaf, flower, or fruit from a plant as a result of natural structural and chemical changes. Abscission zone: is a layer of weak, thin-walled cells that form across the base of the plant part where the break eventually occurs. Absorption: Intake of water and mineral elements by the root system. Acervulus: A mass of closely clustered conidiophores and conidia not covered by fungal tissue, initially subcuticular or subepidermal but eventually exposed. Actinomycete: Any member of the order Actinomycetales; the name is often used to refer specifically to those species which form mycelium. Acute: 1. Sudden development of disease symptoms. 2. Denoted to less than 90 degrees. Adaxial: The upper side of a leaf is known as the adaxial surface. Adjuvants: additives, as chemicals added to a preservative to enhance its effectiveness. Adsorption: It is the process of attraction of atoms or molecules from an adjacent gas or liquid to an exposed solid surface. Such attraction forces (adhesion or cohesion) align the molecules into layers onto the existent surface.

 
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