Buy Now and Pay in EMI's

THE SCIENCE OF HORTICULTURE VOL 02

K.V. Peter
  • Country of Origin:

  • Imprint:

    NIPA

  • eISBN:

    9789389571622

  • Binding:

    EBook

  • Number Of Pages:

    364

  • Language:

    English

Individual Price: 2,550.00 INR 2,295.00 INR + Tax

Add to cart Contact for Institutional Price
 

The volume covers recent research materials from countries like India, USA, Japan, European Union, UK etc. on vegetable Science, Fruit Science, Ornamentals, Spices, Plantation Crops and Postharvest Technology. Contributed by the best teachers and scientists in the field. The volumes expose the readers to the basics of Horticultural practices and phenomena with chapters on: 1. Geographical Indications in horticulture by Elsy, C.R. and Mridula N. 2. Emerging trends in bioinformatics by Keshavachandran, R., Reena, N. and Nancy Thomas. 3. Chemistry of Fragrance by Shamina Azeez. 4. Advances in development of salt and water stress tolerant plants by Vanaja T. 5. Physiology of dormancy by Passam, Harold C and Alexopoulos, Alexios A. 6. Principles of preservation and packing to improve quality and extend shelf life of fresh horticultural produce by Bakshi, A.K. and Aggarwal Poonam. 7. Graft incompatibility by Masayo Kawaguchi, David Backhouse, Acram Taji and Masayuki Oda. 8. Role and symptoms of deficiency of micronutrients in horticultural crops by Nirmala Devi, S. and Sadhan Kumar P.G. 9. History of bioinformatics by Keshavachandran R. and Nancy Thomas. 10. Entomology in India - a historical perspective by Sosamma Jacob. 11. Ecofriendly approaches for the management of pests and disease of horticultural crops by Nakkeeran S., Renuka Devi P and Marimuthu T. 12. HELO priming in vegetable crops by Krishna Kumar K. 13. Controlled atmosphere storage of fruits by Sudhakar Rao, D.V. Gopalakrishna Rao, K.P. and Narayana C.K. 14. Physiology of fruit ripening by Dhillon W.S. and Gill P.P.S. 15. Trade in floriculture by Sheela Jayagopan.

0 Start Pages

Preface The term Geographical Indications (GIs) attained significant status in trade agreement negotiations after the establishment of World Trade Organization (WTO). Under WTO, agreement on the trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPs) sets forth standards to regulate international property protection and enforcement and establishes international minimum standards for GIs. Geographical Indications identify goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess a quality, reputation or other characteristics due to the places of origin. Geographical indications are now widely accepted as valuable marketing tools in the global economy and are useful to protect rights of communities. ‘Vazhakulam Pineapple’, ‘Malabar Pepper’, ‘Nilgiri Tea’, ‘Darjeeling Tea’, ‘Assam Tea’, ‘Lucknow Dashhari Mango’, ‘Alleppy Green Cardamom’, etc. are a few of horticultural crops registered under GI and IPR Act. Detailed description of GI registered crops is provided in Chapter I. Bioinformatics are defined as conceptualizing biology in terms of macro molecule and then applying ‘informatic’ techniques to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules on a large scale. Vegetables, spices, aromatic plants and medicinal crops are now biofortified with minerals, essential amino acids and trace elements. Bioremediation, greening and carbon sequestration are eco-friendly uses to which horticultural crops are placed into. Chapter II deals with emerging trends in Bioinformatics. Chapter IX narrates history of bioinformatics.

 
1 Geographical Indications in Horticulture
Elsy, C.R and Mridula, N.

The term Geographical Indications (GIs) attained significant status in trade agreement negotiations after the establishment of World Trade Organization (WTO).Under WTO, Agreement on the Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) sets forth standards to regulate international intellectual property protection and enforcement and establishes international minimum standards for GIs. Geographical Indications identify goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess a quality, reputation or other characteristics which are due to that place of origin. Geographical Indications are now widely accepted as valuable marketing tools in the global economy and are useful to protect rights of communities. Geographical Indications are not granted to individuals but are granted to the group/association of producers as the symbol of collective ownership.

1 - 14 (14 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
2 Emerging Trends in Bioinformatics
Keshavachandran, R. Reena.N and Nancy Thomas

Biology, the science of living organisms, is linked with microscopes, test tubes and Petri dishes, but these conventional methods are changing with the advent of Bioinformatics. Due to the advancement in molecular biology and genome sequencing techniques, there is an overflow of biological information. This flood of information has led to a requirement for computerized databases to store and organize the data and to design specialized computational tools to view and analyze the data. Accordingly Bioinformatics can be defined as conceptualizing biology in terms of macromolecules (in the sense of physical-chemistry) and then applying “informatics” techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules on a large-scale (Tramontano, 2007).

15 - 36 (22 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
3 Chemistry of Fragrance
Shamina Azeez

Very little is known about the basic principles governing the chemistry of flavour or fragrance. In English, the term aroma chemicals is used for both fragrance and flavour compounds. Any compound with a sufficiently high vapour pressure will have an odour and this is normally of the molecular weight of around 300, a relatively low polarity granted (Frater et al., 1998). Generally only compounds with pleasant smell are considered to fall under the realm of fragrance chemistry, but purified individual components from a mixture may have a malodour. Almost all ancient civilizations had their tradition of making fragrances from natural materials, mostly of plant origin, but also of animal origin – these are mostly essential oils, exudates, balsam and resins (Arctander, 1969).   It was in the latter half of the 19th century that synthetic fragrance chemicals were experimented upon and brought into the market, examples being coumarin (Fig. 1) (in the year 1866), salicylaldehyde (Fig. 2) (1876), vanillin (Fig. 3) (1876), phenylacetaldehyde (Fig. 4) (1883), piperonal (Fig. 5) (1890), musk xylol (Fig. 6) (1891) and b-ionone (Fig. 8) (1893) (Frater et al., 1998).

37 - 68 (32 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
4 Advances in Development of Salt and Water Stress Tolerant Plants
Vanaja, T.

Reasons for serious concern for food security in developing countries are, increasing food demand for the rapidly growing population, decline in productivity in high productive areas due to ‘Green revolution’ fatigue, and increasing vulnerability of agriculture to potential climate change. Climate scientists predict that global warming will make arable land in many developing countries less productive or unusable. Of all the parameters, abiotic environmental stresses contribute significantly to reduction in potential yield (Flowers and Yeo, 1995). Abiotic stresses arise from extremes of climate. The stress factors especially drought and salinity negatively effect plant growth and development, salt stress being one of the most serious environmental factors limiting productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). Therefore, extensive research into plant salt tolerance was carried out, with the aim of improving resistance of crop plants. With a large majority of the world’s population relying on crops like barley, maize and rice to survive, crop salt tolerance is globally important.

69 - 88 (20 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
5 Physiology of Dormancy
Passam, Harold C. and Alexopoulos, Alexios A.

In general terms, dormancy can be defined as a period during the biological cycle of the plant in which growth of the whole organism (seed) or a plant organ (bud, tuber, corm etc.) is suspended eventhough the environmental conditions for growth may be favourable. More specifically, dormancy refers to a condition in which growth is inhibited by a restriction of essential metabolic processes, such as water uptake, gas exchange and cell division, either as a result of endogenous dormancy-controlling factors or in response to exogenous factors such as changes in the environment. It is distinct from a transient state of quiescence or rest imposed by an unfavourable environment in that dormancy persists even when the environment becomes favourable for growth whereas quiescence ceases. For wild plants, dormancy has evolved as a means of enabling the plant to endure periods of stress due to drought or low temperatures and is therefore critical for the survival of the species. In cultivated arable or vegetable crops, breeding has generally led to a loss of dormancy or a reduction in the length of the dormant period. In arboreal crops of temperate climates, however, bud dormancy is still an essential feature of the annual growth cycle of the tree.

89 - 118 (30 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
6 Principles of Preservation and Packing to Improve Quality and Extend Shelf Life of Fresh Horticultual Produce
Bakhshi, A.K. and Aggarwal Poonam

India produces 9.2% of world’s vegetables and fruits, nearly 109 million tons of vegetables and 57.69 million tons of fruits. The production of horticultural commodities is expected to grow to 300 million tons in near future (Kaur, 2008). India accounts for 18.2% of global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits. The overall food wastages are very high amounting to around Rs. 10.4 lakh million. India wastes more fruits and vegetables than what U.K consumes. It is estimated that cumulative wastage of fruits and vegetables, on the farm, during procurement, storage and at the retail outlets, is worth about Rs.422250 million. 

119 - 170 (52 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
7 Graft Incompatibility
Masayo Kawaguchi, David Backhouse, Acram Taji and Masayuki Oda

Grafting is a horticultural technique. It is used commercially for many woody plants and some herbaceous plants. The purposes of grafting include asexual propagation, obtaining resistance to soil borne diseases, nematodes and unfavorable conditions, and improving fruit quality. Although there are advantages to grafting, graft incompatibility often prevents its practical use. Graft incompatibility occurs when the combination of scion and rootstock is inappropriate. The enormous range of genotype varieties used in grafting results in a wide range of physiological, biochemical and anatomical interactions between graft partners. Therefore, the causes and mechanisms of graft incompatibility vary according to graft combinations. Garner (1979) defined graft incompatibility as the failure to unite into a strong union, the failure to grow in a healthy manner, or premature death, when such failures could be attributed to differences between rootstock and scion.   The purpose of this review is to understand graft incompatibility as an aid to solving graft incompatibility problems. The symptoms and types of graft incompatibility are described, the causes and mechanisms of graft incompatibility are explored, and directions for future research are identified.

171 - 194 (24 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
8 Role and Symptoms of Deficiency of Micronutrients in Horticultural Crops
Nirmala Devi, S. and P. Sadhan Kumar, P.G.

Micronutrients play an active role in the plant metabolic processes from cell wall development to respiration, photosynthesis, chlorophyll formation, enzyme activity, hormone synthesis, nitrogen fixation, etc. Micronutrient requirements of crops are relatively small. Use of chemical fertilizers with accompanied changes in soil management practices resulted in steady decrease in micronutrient content in soil. The future of agriculture depends on sustainable management of land, water, flora, fauna and the atmosphere. In order to produce 240 m tones of food grains by the end of twentieth century, removal of major nutrients from soil will be to the tune of 7 m tones N, 2.7 m tones P2O5 and 11.2 m tones K2O. Similarly, a good amount of secondary (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients would also be removed proportionately which should be compensated through application of well rotten FYM or micronutrient fertilizers in soil.

195 - 212 (18 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
9 History of Bioinformatics
Keshavachandran, R. and Nancy Thomas

Bioinformatics encompases the use of tools and techniques from three separate disciplines; molecular biology (the source of the data to be analyzed), computer science (supplies the hardware for running analysis and the networks to communicate the results), and the data analysis algorithms, which strictly define bioinformatics. So the list below incorporates events from these areas into a brief history of the field.

213 - 218 (6 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
10 Entomology in India - A Historical Perspective
Sosamma Jacob

Entomology, a Greek word entomoV, entomos, “ that is cut in pieces or engraved/segmented”, hence “insect”; and -logia, logia -study, is the scientific study of insects , a branch of arthropodology. The arthropods made their appearance during the earliest Devonian period while humans appeared only in Quarternary. Insects possess an immense degree of evolutionary maturity as against man, account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth. Entomology is a speciality within the field of biology and it is rooted in all human cultures from prehistoric times. In India, insects were known from Vedic era and records of insects in India were evident from India’s mythological epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharatha. 

219 - 246 (28 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
11 Ecofriendly Approaches for the Management of Pests and Diseases of Horticultural Crops
Nakkeeran, S., Renuka devi, P. and Marimuthu, T.

Horticultural crops play an important role in Indian agricultural economy. Though only 2.4% of cultivated area is under these crops, they contribute about 21% to the Agricultural GDP. Though horticultural crops contribute more for the national economy, its contribution could be further increased by minimizing 30% loss of horticultural crops due to pests and diseases. Continuous and unrestricted use have dictated the need for development of ecologically safer pest management technologies. Among the non-chemical methods, resistant varieties, cultural practices, plant derivatives and biocontrol agents are important and these methods can be integrated successfully. In recent years, interest among regulatory authorities, agricultural advisors and growers has forced to seek for alternative solution of plant disease management. It has encouraged intensive research of microbial products as agents for plant disease management. This resulted in commercialization of a number of microbial biocontrol products.

247 - 276 (30 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
12 Halo Priming in Vegetable Crops
Krishna Kumary, K.

India is predominantly an agriculture based country and 65% of the Indians depend on agriculture. To meet the ever increasing nutritional demands of Indian population, production and productivity of vegetables have to be increased manifold within the limited available land and other resources. Seed is the basic and critical input in which the expected dividends from all other inputs depend and it plays a crucial role for enhancing the stability of productivity. With the ever increasing demands for a mechanized, energy efficient type of agriculture, each seed is expected to produce a vigorous plant, which would develop. uniformly under a wide range of environmental conditions. Seed enhancement technologies have historical basis dating back hundreds to thousands of years. Seed coating was being practiced by ancient Chinese farmers who coated seeds of rice with mud balls to anchor the seeds in water saturated soil . The Greeks presoaked the cucumber seeds in milk or water to make them germinate quicker. Keeping the seeds in moist cloth or soaking in water prior to sowing was a common practice among the farmers of India from time immemorial.

277 - 286 (10 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
13 Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Fruits
Sudhakar Rao, D.V., Gopalakrishna Rao, K.P.and Narayana, C.K.

Fruits are living commodities which continue to respire and transpire even after harvest. The storage life of fresh fruits is indirectly proportional to the rate of their respiration which in turn depends on the atmospheric gas composition in which they are stored. Normal air contains about 20.9% oxygen (O2), 78.0% Nitrogen (N2) and 0.03% carbondioxide (CO2). Lower levels of O2 and higher levels of CO2 in the storage environment result in reduced rate of respiration, delayed ripening and increased storage life. The reduction in O2 concentration and increase in CO2 concentration in the storage room with precise control and maintenance of these gases throughout the storage period is generally referred as controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. CA storage is generally used for long term storage or long distance transportation of fruits in combination with low temperature storage. The use of CA storage for extending the post harvest life of fruits has increased steadily worldwide during the past 60 years. This trend is expected to continue with the advancement of technologies in attaining and maintaining CA during transport, storage and marketing of fresh fruits.

287 - 304 (18 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
14 Physiology of Fruit Ripening
Dhillon, W.S and Gill, P.P.S

Fruit ripening is a highly coordinated, genetically programmed and an irreversible phenomenon involving a series of physiological, biochemical and organoleptic changes which finally lead to the development of a soft edible ripe fruit with desirable quality attributes. Ripening is the process where changes take place in the fleshy fruit and make it edible. It represents the unique coordination of developmental and biochemical pathways leading to changes in colour, texture, aroma and nutritional quality of mature seed-bearing plant organs (Barry and Giovannoni, 2007). Physiologically mature fruit is transformed from an unfavourable state of firmness, texture, colour, flavour and aroma to favourable state for consumption. It is the final phase in the development of fruit and involves major metabolic changes and it is normally an irreversible event. The ripening phase does not start until the fruit has developed considerably from the tissues present at anthesis and it is difficult to stimulate ripening before it attains maturity. The ripening changes which are common during softening are accumulation of pigments and changes in cell wall.

305 - 322 (18 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
15 Trade in Floriculture
Sheela Jayagopan

Floriculture is increasingly regarded as a viable diversification from traditional field crops due to increased per unit returns and increasing habit of “saying it with flowers” during all the occasions. All over the world, the floriculture sector is experiencing rapid changes. Opening up to the world market in the WTO regime paving way to free movement of floricultural products world wide, globalization and its effect on income generation have all contributed to increase in per capita consumption of flowers in most countries. Noticeable feature of global floriculture is the development and expansion of floriculture in non traditional areas. Netherlands, Italy, Germany, and Japan had strong tradition for growing and consumption of flowers. The concept of commercial floriculture was perpetuated across the world from those regions. Now production centers are developing in Latin America, Africa and also in Asia to meet the demand of consuming countries and also to expand domestic market, commensurate with improved economic conditions, These countries provide highly qualitative floricultural products with low cost price which is finding a favourable place in markets of Western Europe, America and Japan. Emergence of new production centers has made floriculture more competitive and this in turn is benefiting the ultimate consumers.

323 - 348 (26 Pages)
INR170.00 INR153.00 + Tax
 
9cjbsk

Browse Subject

Payment Methods