Rabi crops of rainfed areas are inflicted by several important insect pests, diseases and weeds. Correct identification of insect pests, diseases and weeds is therefore necessary not only for strict quarantine to check the spread of new pest species, but to achieve the desired productivity levels. The purpose of this publication entitled 'A Colour Handbook on Rainfed Rabi Crops: Protection, Constraints and Mitigation Strategies' is to assist the students, field researchers, agriculture department field functionaries, scholars and farmers in correct identification of these pests and their management thereof. In this book, efforts have been made to describe the damaging symptoms, identification characteristics, biology and management techniques of more than 100 pest species with their coloured illustrations.
Foreword, Contents, Preface Intensive cultivation, monocropping and excessive indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers have not only damaged the entire eco-system, but is also responsible for the rise in several pest incidences in the recent past. Well known examples are of whitefly attack in cotton, mealy bug havoc in several crops, leaf folder attack in rice, etc. In the developing countries, the problem of competition from insect pests is further complicated with a rapid annual increase in the human population (2.5-3.0 percentage) in comparison to a 1.0 percentage increase in food production. To overcome this problem, we need to educate mainly the farmers and agriculture department field functionaries, who are in direct contact with the farmers. In field, exact and correct identification of the field problem, based on the symptoms, is of prime importance. The symptoms are usually very confusing in the field and not only farmers but also the field functionaries, sometimes gets confused with the correct identification, thus resulting in wrong pesticide application.
1.1 Cereals Wheat/Barley 1. Wheat aphid, Macrosiphum miscanthi (Hemiptera; Aphididae) 2. Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 3. Ghujhia weevil, Tanymecus indicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 4. Termites, Odontotermes obesus Ramb. (Isoptera: Termitidae) 5. Shoot fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) 6. Wheat Gall nematode, Anguina tritici (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) 7. Molya nematode, Heterodera avenae (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) Pulses Chickpea 1. Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 2. Semilooper, Autographa nigrisigna Walker (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) 3. Aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) 4. Hairy caterpillar, Amsacta moorei (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) 5. Cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fieldpea 1. Pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) 2. Pea pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) 3. Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 4. Pea stem fly, Melanogromyza phaseoli Tryon (Diptera: Agromyzidae) 5. Pea blue butterfly Lampides boeticus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae) 6. Pea green aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) S. lat. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 7. Cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Lentil 1. Lentil pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) 2. Black aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) 3. Cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Lathyrus 1. Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera 2. Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) 3. Bean bugs, Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Horsegram 1. Pod borer, E. zinckenella (Lepidoptera:Phycitidae) 2. Hairy caterpillar, Amsacta sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 3. Aphids, Aphis craccivora (Homoptera: Aphididae) 4. Whitefly and Green Jassid 5. Plume moth, Exelastis atomosa (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) Oilseeds Mustard/Toria / Gobhi Sarson 1. Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysismi (Hemiptera : Aphididae) 2. Mustard saw fly: Athalia lugens proxima (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 3. Leaf webber: Crocidolomia binotalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) 4. Leaf miner: Chromatomyia horticola (Phytomyza atricornis)(Diptera: Agromyzidae) 5. Cabbage head borer: Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 6. Diamondback moth: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) 7. Painted bug: Bargrada hilaris cruciferarum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Polyphagous Pests 1. Rodents
2.1 Cereals Wheat 1. Yellow rust or stripe rust 2. Brown rust 3. Loose smut 4. Flag smut 5. Karnal bunt 6. Powdery mildew 7. Leaf blight Barley 1. Leaf stripe 2. Covered smut 3. Loose smut Pulses Chickpea 1. Ascochyta blight 2. Grey mould 3. Dry root rot 4. Collar rot 5. Wilt Lentil 1. Ascochyta blight 2. Anthracnose of lentil 3. Wilt 4. Sclerotinia stem rot Field pea 1. Powdery mildew 2. Rust of peas 3. Downy mildew of peas Rapeseed and Mustard 1. Alternaria blight 2. Rust or white blister 3. Downy mildew 4. Powdery mildew Linseed 1. Rust 2. Wilt 3. Blight of linseed
3.1 Cereals List of weeds in Rabi season crops Management of weeds in Cereals Wheat Management of weeds in Pulses Chickpea Fieldpea Lentil Management of weeds in Oilseeds 1. Rapeseed / Mustard / Toria 2. Pictures of major weeds of Rabi season crops Non-crop lands weeds and their management 1. Parthenium hysterophorus 2. Saccharum spontaneum 3. Lantana camara
4.1 Functions of Plant Nutrient and Deficiency Symptoms Function of Plant Nutrient 1. Nitrogen 2. Phosphorus 3. Potassium 4. Calcium 5. Magnesium 6. Sulphur 7. Manganese 8. Molybdenum 9. Copper 10. Boron 11. Zinc 12. Iron 13. Chlorine 14. Nickel 15. Sodium 16. Cobalt 17. Silicon
References Atwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. 1997. Agricultural Pests of South Asia and their Management. Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana, India. B.P. Panday. 1994. AText Book of Plant Pathology. Publisher S. Chand and Company Limited, Ram Nagar, New Delhi B.R. Bazaya, Dileep Kachroo and Jat, R.K. 2004. Integrated Weed Management in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Indian Journal of Weed Science 36 (3 & 4): 290-292. Bharat Rajeev, Kachroo Dileep, Sharma Rohit, Gupta M. and Sharma Anil Kumar 2012. Effect of different herbicides on weed growth and yield performance of wheat. Indian Journal of Weed Science 44(2): 106–109.
