Buy Now and Pay in EMI's

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING

A.K. Tiwari
  • Country of Origin:

  • Imprint:

    NIPA

  • eISBN:

    9789389992533

  • Binding:

    EBook

  • Number Of Pages:

    586

  • Language:

    English

Individual Price: 2,950.00 INR 2,655.00 INR + Tax

Add to cart Contact for Institutional Price
 

Ornamental Horticulture is a branch of Horticulture which deals with commercial growing of flowers ornamental plants and beautification of surroundings. This subject assumes great importance in improving total environment and checks visual pollution by way of beautification. The flowers have been eulogised by poets and artists for generations not merely for their ornamental properties but for their versatile curative properties. The Study of ornamental horticulture comprises of two parts i.e. the knowledge of growing of plants like annuals, shrubs, climber, trees, bulbous, succulents and cactus, shade loving plants, lawn etc. and their use in beautification programme. The information on above aspect is scattered in different book and a great difficulty was being felt by students, landscapers and scientist. In this context, a need of simple book on introduction, cultivation and management of ornamental plants is highly demanded by student of Horticulture and florists of India. This book describes in details collection identification, propagation, cultivation, nutritional & weed management, plant and flowers senescence management etc., of annuals, herbs, shrubs, climbers and ornamental trees. Since, beautification involves the principles of art and gardening styles. Therefore, bio aesthetic planning, basics of landscaping and flowers arrangement have also been discussed in details. Special care has been taken to present the subject matter in a simple and lucid style. Book further includes recent available information. The illustrations have been drawn from own specimens with photographs.

0 Start Pages

Preface Horticulture including Floriculture is growing every year at a galloping speed and the sector has now created enough opportunities for economic growth for India by way of export and domestic turnover. Considering its growth potential in future is now termed as “Golden Revolution”.Flowers have always held an aesthetic and mystical significance. Ornamental Horticulture is a branch of Horticulture which deals with commercial growing of flowers ornamental plants and beautification of surroundings. This subject assumes great importance in improving total environment and checks visual pollution by way of beautification. The flowers have been eulogised by poets and artists for generations not merely for their ornamental properties but for their versatile curative properties. The flowers have a unique impact on the human mind, the colour adds beauty, fragrance keeps the mind and body afresh but the harmony lies in the art of flowers arrangement. Human association with flowering plants is prehistoric. Man is always attracted by beautiful and fragrant flowers. The Study of ornamental horticulture comprises of two parts i.e. the knowledge of growing of plants like annuals, shrubs, climber, trees, bulbous, succulents and cactus, shade loving plants, lawn etc. and their use in beautification programme. The information on above aspect is scattered in different book and a great difficulty was being felt by students, landscapers and scientist. In this context, a need of simple book on introduction, cultivation and management of ornamental plants is highly demanded by student of Horticulture and florists of India.This book “Fundamentals of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Gardening” is thus brought about mainly to fulfil the above requirement and is also the outcome of my teaching, research and field experiences of several years. This book describes in details collection identification, propagation, cultivation, nutritional & weed management, plant and flowers senescence management etc., of annuals, herbs, shrubs, climbers and ornamental trees. Since, beautification involves the principles of art and gardening styles. Therefore, bio aesthetic planning, basics of landscaping and flowers arrangement have also been discussed in details. Special care has been taken to present the subject matter in a simple and lucid style. Book further includes recent available information.The illustrations have been drawn from own specimens with photographs. A number of text books, periodicals, bulletins etc. have been consulted during the preparation of this manuscript. I therefore, express my sincere gratitude to authors, scientists and publishers who have generated the aforesaid scientific literatures. Since, this is the first edition of book and which has been published within a very short time. Hence, there may be possibility of several mistakes. I would therefore, feel pleasure if I get critical comments by the readers with regard to such mistakes and other limitations in the present edition.

 
1 Identification and Use of Garden Implements

Garden Rakes 1.For use with moving debris. 2.Aids in the cleaning process. 3.Proper use is with two hands.

1 - 8 (8 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
2 Classification and Identification of Ornamental Plants

Classifications and Nomenclature Plants can be classified according to the following criteria: (1) botanical, (2) descriptive and (3) agricultural. Botanical classification is based on the morphological characteristics of plants as well as on their anatomy, physiology and DNA sequences. Descriptive classification is based on the environmental adaptation, growth habit and other observable features. In agriculture, plants can be broadly classified as either useful or useless. Those which are useful are called crops while those which are not useful are called weeds. A common, well-defined system of crop classification is important in crop science and agriculture. Grouping of plants following established systems will simplify plant collection initiatives, research and breeding specialized development efforts. Having standardized botanical names will also facilitate efficient communication, dissemination and retrieval of scientific information. Additionally, the grouping of crops will indicate that these crops may have similar uses, adaptation, growth habits and methods of culture. Classifying crops by family is likewise important in intergeneric grafting. To students of crop science, a list of crops under the various agricultural classifications will be a useful reference in crop names and identification and as a review guide. To the farm manager himself, the same list will offer innumerable benefits in finding alternative crops for specific uses. Despite these advantages, however, classifications of crops in agriculture vary from place to place and from one country to another due to differences in the primary usage of certain crops, intensity of care, extent of cultivation and other criteria under consideration. It is not uncommon to find crops having two or more classifications, used simultaneously, alternatively or sequentially. FAO(2010) in its report entitled “Crops Statistics - Concepts, Definitions and Classifications”, expressed its difficulty in the collection and presentation of statistical data due to differences in the concepts, definitions, coverage and classifications” of crops which are grown in different countries.

9 - 90 (82 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
3 Factors Affecting Ornamental and Landscape Gardening

Climate and Ornamental Crops There are many factors which affect the production of the ornamental crops. It may be internal or external factors. Climate and soils are the chief natural factors on which the success or failure of ornamental crops production is dependent. A knowledge of the effect of various soil and climatic conditions on ornamental crops production is very essential for every prospective to grower, climate includes several factors like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind, hail, light whereas, soil covers such factors as moisture supply texture, pH etc. Temperature: The rate of development of a plant (the leaf unfolding rate) is a function of temperature. As temperatures increase, the leaf unfolding rate increases. If the temperature exceeds the maximum temperature, plants experience stress and leaf unfolding rate declines. Given the high costs of fuel, many growers are tempted to reduce the greenhouse temperature to save money on fuel. Because the rate of crop development is dependent on temperature, reducing temperatures increases production time of all crops. However, some crops will be more severely delayed than others. Reducing temperatures from 20°C to 16°C increased time to flower of Salvia farinacea by 13 days. This same temperature drop only increased days to flower of pansy by four days. For crops that are severely delayed by lower temperatures, reducing the growing temperature may actually increase total fuel costs for producing that crop. Every plant has fairly well defined range of temperature to which it is tolerant and below which the plants of that variety are liable to be injured to a more or less extent.

91 - 116 (26 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
4 Cultivation and Management of Annual Flowers

Annual flowers are a group of herbaceous plants which grow from seeds, produce flowers, set seeds and complete their life-cycle within one year or one season. They provide a beautiful display of colours in the garden. Whether it is a small home garden or a big public garden, it is incomplete without beds of annual flowers. They enhance the decorative value of a garden within a short span of time. At their blooming time, one feels elated when a rain of beauty drizzles in the garden. Classification of Annuals Based on season, the annual flowers are divided into 3 groups—winter season, summer season and rainy season. Winter season annuals This group includes a large number of seasonal flowers. The important ones are acroclinium, agrostemma, amaranthus, anchusa, annual carnation, annual chrysanthemum, antirrhinum, arctotis, bells-of-Ireland, brachycome, calceolaria, calendula, campanula, candytuft, celosia, China aster, cineraria, clarkia, cornflower, daisy, delphinium, dianthus, dimorphotheca, echium, eschscholzia, gazania, godetia, helichrysum, helipterum, hollyhock, gypsophila, limonium, linaria, linum, lupin, marigold, matricaria, mesembryanthemum, mignonette, mimulus, myosotis, nasturtium, nemesia, nicotiana, nemophila, nigella, pansy, petunia, phlox, pimpinella, poppy, rudbeckia, salvia, saponaria, scabiosa, schizanthus, senecio, stock, sweet alyssum, sweet pea, sweet sultan, sweet william, venidium, verbena, viola and wall flower.

117 - 128 (12 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
5 Cultivation and Management of Climbers

Climbers can be used to break the bareness of long walls, soften posts, frame doors and windows and beautify window boxes. With a fence or trellis, they can be used for screens, making a background for flower garden or quickly turning an ordinary porch or patio into a private, shady living centre. Some slower growing climbers are useful as container plants for patios. On the down side, most vine species have the potential to become invasive, spreading to areas where they may not be desirable or becoming too large for the intended area. Types Climbers are characterized as three types based on how they cling to a support. The kind of support needed depends on whether the Climbers cling by twining stems, orby specialized structures such as tendrils, adhesive disks and aerial roots. Climbers with twining stems wind around a support as they grow (Fig. 5.2). Examples of plant with twining stem sinclude bitter sweet, wisteria and trumpet creeper.Tendrils resemble thread like stems that wrap around any structure they contact (Fig. 5.1). Examples of plants with tendrils include grape, pea, and cucumbers. Some Climbers have specialized structures for clinging to a support with a disk-like suction cup (Fig. 5.3). Examples include Boston ivy and Virginia creeper. Other Climbers cling by means of small, aerial roots that attach to rough surfaces such as mortar, wood, and tree trunks (Fig. 5.4). Examples include English ivy, trumpet creeper and winter creeper euonymus.

129 - 134 (6 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
6 Cultivation and Management of Shrubs

Shrubs are usually woody or semi-woody perennial plants; their branches arise from the base of the plants and grow up to the height of 3 to 4 meter. Many shrubs, which are more or less prostrate, make excellence ground flower. Availability of a large number of species & cultivars, a wide range of variation in shape & size of the plants, diversified types of leaves, growth habit, remarkable ranges of size, shape, colour of flowers & the variety of fragrance have made the shrubs as important garden plants. Several species of shrubs have unusually attractive colours. Most of the shrubs are hardy & grow in all types of soil with little attention. Although some plants flower almost throughout the year, in most cases they are seasonal. A selection can be made in such a way that some plants in the shrubbery will be in bloom in any season of the year. Most of these plants are fairly quick growing and when vegetatively propagated, start flowering in the first year. Plants like Bauhinia acuminata (Kanchnar), Cassia alata (Candle Bush), Vinca rosea,which are usually grown from seeds also produced flowers in the first year.Shrubs can be classified into three groups according to the requirement of the sunlight for growth & flowering:

135 - 180 (46 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
7 Cultivation and Management of Bulbous Plants

Bulbs Floriculturists use the term “bulbous” to include a wide array of perennial plants that grow from underground organs, including bulbs, corms, tubers and rhizomes. Any plant described as bulbous will normally have a swollen root or stem or even leaves underground (Some orchids and other plants have swollen stems – above ground). Bulbs, corms, tubers and rhizomes are perennial plants organ that are part of a plant type called bulbous plants in which part of the plant has evolved into a below-ground storage unit where food created one year is used to nourish the plant in the next. They are valuable in the garden for many reasons. Spring bulbs appear early, before most perennials have started to grow again after the winter. They can also add color to containers when other plants are not ready to face the danger of frost. In summer, bulbous plants such as Alliums and lilies can provide stately interest, while autumn crocuses and tiny hardy cyclamen can cheer up the garden toward the end of the season. The purpose of the bulbous part of the plant is to store food for the plant parts that live above ground to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. The leaf bases may resemble scales, or they may overlap and surround the centre of the bulb. A modified stem forms the base of the bulb and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, new stems and leaves from the upper side. Most true bulbs have their scales closely packed together such as Hyacinthus but some types, such as the Lily (Lilium), they are loose and swollen. Most popular bulbs have a papery skin, the tunic, whose function is to protect the tissues within. Some true bulbs such as the Lily do not have a tunic and are therefore, easily damaged by rough handling. Cardio crinums dies after flowering but other bulbs are perennial. Vegetative reproduction in true bulbs is by means of offsets called bulblets.

181 - 188 (8 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
8 Nutrition Management in Ornamental Plants

The term essential element was proposed by Arnon and Stout (1939).They concluded three criteria must be met for an element to be considered essential. These criteria are: 1.A plant must be unable to complete its life cycle in the absence of the mineral element. 2.The function of the element must not be replaceable by another mineral element. 3.The element must be directly involved in plant metabolism. The number of elements considered essential for the growth of higher plants now varies from 16 to 20 or more, depending upon the definition of essentiality. Other scientists such as Nicholas (1961) believed that an element should be considered essential if its addition enhances plant growth even though it merely substitutes for one of the 16 elements that Arnon declares to be essential. For example, sodium can substitute in plant nutrition for some potassium and vanadium for some molybdenum, Nicholas would consider both sodium and vanadium as essential, but Arnon would not. On the basis of the criteria used, Arnon specifies 16 elements and Nicholas 20 elements as being essential for the growth of higher plants. Three other debated nutrients are nickel (urea transformations), cobalt (N2 fixation) and silicon. These criteria are important guidelines for plant nutrition but exclude beneficial mineral elements. Beneficial elements are those that can compensate for toxic effects of other elements or may replace mineral nutrients in some other less specific function such as the maintenance of osmotic pressure. The omission of beneficial nutrients in commercial production could mean that plants are not being grown to their optimum genetic potential but are merely produced at a subsistence level.

189 - 212 (24 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
9 Weed Management in Ornamental Crops

Weed is a plant that is growing in the wrong place. Weeds have many mechanisms and characteristics that enable them to compete, having thick waxy cuticle leaves that can be resistant to some chemicals, fast reproduction methods, the ability to reseed in 6 week cycles and deep tap roots enabling the weed to survive in compacted dry ground conditions. There are many reasons to control weeds in annuals/biennial and perennial ornamentals. Weeds compete with the plants by absorbing essential nutrients and water, or by blocking light or air circulation. Weeds dramatic reduce the growth of the plants. The greatest damage is often done when the weeds and ornamental plants are small. Weeds also interfere with harvesting by physically hindering. They lower flower quality further by harbouring insects, such as whiteflies, thrips mites, slugs, snails and/or diseases. Growing under optimal conditions for the flower will reduce the ability of weeds to compete against the crop. Controlling humidity/ventilation, water, light, pH, nutrients and temperature all figure prominently in providing flower optimal conditions. A plant health strategy to greenhouse weed control contains three principal elements, prevention/sanitation, evaluation of water quality and using all controls available physical, cultural and chemical. Prevention and sanitation can include the use of mulches in orchidhouse weed control. Rice hulls, perlite, pumice, corn gluten meal bark, Penn Mulch - pelletized recycled paper and human hair have all been used for this purpose. Prevention also includes, eliminating air borne weed seeds from entering the greenhouse by screening vents and other openings and preventing perennial weeds from growing under foundations. A 1-3 meter weed free zone should be maintained immediately adjacent to the greenhouse.

213 - 230 (18 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
10 Pruning and Training of Ornamental Plants

Pruning is a regular part of plant maintenance involving the selective removal of specific plant parts. Although shoots and branches are the main targets for removal, roots, flower buds, fruits and seed pods may also be pruned. Pruning wounds plants, but plants respond differently to wounding than do animals. In plants, damaged areas are covered by callus tissue to close wounds. Another response to pruning occurs inside plants. Chemical boundaries form around wounded areas, walling off or compartmentalizing the wounds. Compartmentalization limits any decay that results from wounding, or from the natural death of branches. Use pruning techniques that minimize plant wounding and speed wound closure.

231 - 248 (18 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
11 Lawn Management

Lawn The lawn is a plot of closely mowed grasses. It is composed of thousands of individual plants crowded and forced into a very unnatural growth habit. It is an integral part of the garden. It is basically an area of land planted between gardens covered with grass and other low lying plants. Lawn is one of the most important features of a garden. A well kept lawn makes a garden look extremely beautiful. It looks like a beautiful green carpet amidst colourful flowers in a garden. Lawn can be called as turf, pitch, field or green depending upon its plantation and usage. Selection of lawn grass depends upon it usage and its season of plantation. Though a well maintained lawn requires a little of patience and care, the final results are always very beautiful and soothing. Scientific reports say that lawns reduce energy consumption through it soothing effects and the green grass prevents soil erosion as well as cut down noise pollution in the urban areas.

249 - 266 (18 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
12 Plant Growth Regulator and Ornamental Plants

Any substance or mixture of substances intended through physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or maturation, or otherwise altering the behaviour of plants or the produce thereof are known as plant growth regulators. It does not include plant nutrients, trace elements, nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants and soil amendments. Plant hormones are organic compounds other than nutrients, synthesize by plants and regulate plant growth and development. They are active in very low concentrations, produced in certain parts of the plants and are usually transported to other parts where they elicit specific biochemical, physiological and morphological responses. They are also active in tissues where they are produced. The term plant growth regulator is usually used to denote a synthetic plant hormone, but most of the synthetic compounds with structures similar to those of the natural hormones have also been called hormones. For instance, the synthetic cytokinin, kinetin is considered a hormone.

267 - 284 (18 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
13 Pot and Potting Management for Indoor Plants

Ornamental pot plants should be potted in small pots according to the size of the plants. Any kind of pot/container which can hold medium and provide aeration is suitable. The most common container is the plastic or clay pots. Plastic pots should be preferred because it retains moisture longer than mud pots. Plants should not be disturbed frequently and re-potting done only when absolutely necessary. Potting media Different types of growing media may be used for ornamental pot plant cultivation, but it is crucial that it must retain a certain amount of moisture and be well draining. Different plants require different substrate in which they would thrive. Conditions of the plant experiences in nature should think before choosing the media. Tropical plants require more water naturally compare to subtropical and temperate ones. For irrigating with sprinkling can or hose, it is better to use materials that drain well and decompose slowly while for drip irrigation heavy potting material should be used. The most important thing is to match watering habits to the potting material. Growing conditions play a most significant role in deciding on a medium. If there is no problem in providing a constantly humid environment due to climate or if growing in a greenhouse, the moisture retention on thepart of media is less of a concern. Ambient temperatures play a role here, as well, as warmer temperatures tend to increase the evaporation of water and along with the drying rate of the medium. The personal tendencies and how much time might be spending to water plants is another significant factor in choosing a medium. The combination of potting materials that will work best for garden plants mainly on Plant structure and root structures:

285 - 298 (14 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
14 Bonsai Management

Bonsai is a Japanese art form using miniature trees grown in containers. The first documented evidence of an oriental word for container planting emerged approximately 1600 years ago in China. Bonsai is a Japanese pronunciation of the earlier Chinese term pen zai. A bon is a tray-like pot typically used in bonsai culture. The purposes of bonsai are primarily contemplation (for the viewer) and the pleasant exercise of effort and ingenuity (for the grower). Bonsai is not intended for production of food, for medicine, or for creating yard-sized or park-sized gardens or landscapes. Instead, bonsai practice focuses on long-term cultivation and shaping of one or more small trees in a single container. The practice of bonsai is sometimes confused with dwarfing, but dwarfing more accurately refers to research and creation of plant cultivars that are permanent, genetic miniatures of existing species. Bonsai does not require genetically dwarfed trees, but rather depends on growing small trees from regular stock and seeds. Bonsai uses cultivation techniques like pruning, root reduction, potting, defoliation and grafting to produce small trees that mimic the shape and style of mature, full-sized trees. Bonsai can be created from nearly any perennial woody-stemmed tree or shrub species. Which produces true branches and can be cultivated to remain small through pot Some species are popular as bonsai material because they have characteristics, such as small leaves or needles that make them appropriate for the compact visual scope of bonsai. Some of the plants highly suited for making bonsai

299 - 314 (16 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
15 Flower Arrangement

Ikebana Flowers are generally known as the symbol of beauty around the world. Many people stick flowers in vases to wreath their rooms, houses and other places. Japanese FlowerArrangement is essentially different from the Western style of flower arrangement. The western style involves symmetrical arrangement of flowering plants in a vase whereas, the Ikebana, which means “flowers kept alive”, is much more intricate, complex and asymmetric. This style of flower arrangement is one of the famous cultural traditions of Japan known around the world. Generally, all Japanese flower arrangement styles are lumped together as ikebana but we cannot say they are all the same. Ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and humanity are brought together. Though it is a creative expression, it has certain rules governing its form. The main rule is that all the elements used in construction must be organic, be they branches, leaves, grasses, or flowers. The artist’s intention behind each arrangement is shown through a piece’s colour combinations, natural shapes, graceful lines and the usually implied meaning of the arrangement. They arrange flowers to recreate nature in miniature to see individual flowers which have been left behind. Ikebana is like one of the ways to communicate with nature. Another aspect present in ikebana is its employment of minimalism. That is, an arrangement may consist of only a minimal number of blooms interspersed among stalks and leaves. The structure of a Japanese flower arrangement is based on a scalene triangle delineated by three main points, usually twigs, considered in some schools to symbolize heaven, earth and man and in others sun, moon, love & earth. The container is also a key element of the composition and various styles of pottery may be used in their construction. Over time, the ways and styles have changed but there is still the basic idea of ikebana remain same.

315 - 328 (14 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
16 Bio-Aesthetic Planning for India

Plants are important to humankind not only economically, environmentally and industrially but also spiritually, historically and aesthetically, they sustain human life through direct and indirect gains by providing a wide range of products for survival and prosperity. Bio-aesthetic planning to a large extent is a product of the age. With the advancement in agriculture and increase in population, large settlements developed, marking the beginning of urbanization. More and more people moved to urban areas for comfortable life. Increasing human needs resulted in large-scale exploitation of natural resources, great reduction in forest cover and extinction of many species of flora and fauna. The extent of forest cover is a good indication of the health of the land. The large scale deforestation in recent decades has rendered the sensitive catchment areas and hilly areas particularly vulnerable to soil erosion. Professor Lancelot Hogben coined the term ‘Bio-aesthetic planning’ defined as planning of flora and fauna with the object of beautifying the piece of land (country). Bio-aesthetic planning is an aesthetic branch of Horticulture which deals with planting of ornamental plants in such a way that it creates a picturesque effect. It is a very fascinating and interesting subject. With the greater realization of environmental, ecological and socio- economic benefits of plants, scope of Bio-aesthetic planning has increased further. Bio-aesthetic planning can play important role in environmental amelioration of urban and industrial areas along with their beautification.

329 - 370 (42 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
17 Basics of Landscape Gardening

Landscape Gardening Landscape gardening is an aesthetic branch of Horticulture which deals with planting of ornamental plants in such a way that it creates a picturesque effect. According to Chambers’ dictionary, the definition of landscape is the appearance of that portion of land which the eye can view at once and landscape gardening is the art of laying grounds so as to produce the effect of a picturesque landscape. Landscape gardening can be defined as the decoration of a tract of land with plants and other garden materials so as to produce a picturesque and naturalistic effect in a limited space. According to Bailey, Landscape gardening is the application of garden forms, methods and materials to the improvements of the landscape and the landscape in this connection is any area large or small on which it is desirable to develop a view or design. So landscape may or may not include plants. Landscape gardening can also be defined as the beautification of a tract of land having a house or other object of interest on it. It is done with a view to create a natural scene by the planting of lawn, trees and shrubs. Landscape gardening is both an art and science of the establishment of a ground in such a way that it gives an effect of a natural landscape. It can be also defined as the imitation of nature in the garden. It can also be defined as improving of total living environment for the people. In light of all the foregoing definition landscape gardening can be defined more appropriately as art of creating gardens, parks and other green areas. Landscape design seeks to create balance between living and natural environments in order to derive the greatest use and enjoyment from outdoor space. A landscape to a landscape designer is like a slab of marble to a sculptor or the insides of a home to an interior decorator; a landscape is the canvass on which the landscape designer crafts his or her masterpiece. Since the landscape gardening is the making pictures on the ground with plant and other material, landscape designer should be proficient in art, ornamental gardening, ecology and physiology. He should be an architect and engineer to appreciate the relationship between plant form, colours and buildings.

371 - 410 (40 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
18 Low-Maintenance Palms, Cycads and Grasses for Landscape

The term “low-maintenance” refers to a plant that does not require frequent maintenance such as regular watering, pruning, or spraying to remain healthy and to maintain an acceptable aesthetic quality. A low-maintenance plant has low fertilizer requirements and few pest and disease problems. In addition, low-maintenance plants suitable for India must also be adapted to or at least tolerate our poor, alkaline, sand or limestone-based soils. Both native and non-native species are included herein. Also, a variety of plants that are not commonly available in Indian nurseries or garden centres were intentionally included with the hope that increased demand will generate increased supply. Putting the right plant in the right place is of foremost importance in creating a healthy and successful low-maintenance landscape. However, this principle is dependent upon one’s ability to accurately select the right plant species for a given location. Common names are often misleading and sometimes more than one plant species may be referred to by the same or similar common name.

411 - 422 (12 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
19 Reference Guide for Landscape Plants

Table 19.1: Reference Guide for Landscape Plants.

423 - 522 (100 Pages)
INR156.00 INR141.00 + Tax
 
20 End Pages

Selected Readings Abbs, B. (2003). Choosing and Using Climbing Plants. San Diego, California: Laurel Glen Publishing. 96 p. Abellanosa, A.L. and H.M. Pava.(1987). An Introduction to Crop Science. CMU, Musuan, Bukidnon: Publications Office. 245 p. Aldrich, R. A. and John,W. B. (1994). Greenhouse Engineering. Storrs: University and Applications, 403-408. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 485 p. Arditti J. and Ernst R. (1993). Micropropagation of Orchids, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Arditti, J. (1992). Fundamentals of Orchid Biology, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Arnon, D.I. (1943). Mineral Nutrition of Plants, Annual Review of Biochemistry, 12: 493-528. Arora, J.S. (1998). Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. pp. 204. Bagust, H. (2003). The Firefly Dictionary of Plant Names: Common & Botanical. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 440p.

 
9cjbsk

Browse Subject

Payment Methods