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SHGS IN TECHNO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF TRIBAL WOMEN

C.Satapathy, Sabita Mishra
  • Country of Origin:

  • Imprint:

    NIPA

  • eISBN:

    9789390512195

  • Binding:

    EBook

  • Number Of Pages:

    164

  • Language:

    English

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Women empowerment is an important issue in our development. There has been a lot of debates on definition and operational aspects of the empowerment, particularly women empowerment. The up-coming self help groups in India are well defined means to achieve empowerment in rural areas. We have made a sincere attempt to analyze SHG from major dimensions focusing on empowerment. We believe and hope the book will be of much useful to the students, field workers, researchers and all others dealing with women empowerment.

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Preface Women empowerment is an important issue in our development. There has been a lot of debates on definition and operational aspects of the empowerment, particularly women empowerment. The up-coming self help groups in India are well defined means to achieve empowerment in rural areas. We have made a sincere attempt to analyze SHG from major dimensions focusing on empowerment. We believe and hope the book will be of much useful to the students, field workers, researchers and all others dealing with women empowerment

 
1 INTRODUCTION

Introduction India with exceeding population of 1027.01 million with 741 million living in rural areas is on the path of development. With 40% of population below poverty line, our country faces the problem of quality life. The lack of access to and control over resources is said to be the cause of poverty. The central aim of enhancing economic productivity of India is to improve the overall welfare of those residing under poverty line. To combat poverty, ‘self help promotion’ is of recent paradigm that has attracted attention of all sections of population. Now it is a matter of concern for all those social consciousness driven people who wants to vanish poverty through this concept known as Self Help Group. As per the report of ILO, by the year 2050 about 33% of people in the developed countries and 19% in developing countries will be sixty years or older and most of them incidentally will be women. 2001 census reveals that unorganized labour account for more than 40% of the total work force and total employment in both sectors in our country is 397 crores. Out of the unorganized sector workers, 237 crores are employed in agriculture. Women form half of our population. They have significant roles in overall development. Rural development concept in our country attaches more importance to women development. Through various projects and research, it has been recognized that group approach is only means of reaching disadvantaged people in our society within which women are included. Many countries in Asia have proved effectiveness of group approach in achieving development. With increasing emphasis on development, quality life, livelihood, etc. group concept has to be worked out in development prospective. The advantages of group concept over individual approach are i) Democratizations ii) Visualization of common problem iii) Interaction to become homogeneous iv) Power to present problem before authorities v) Farming base for grass root level planning vi) Realization of one’s potentiality compared to others vii) Protection from risk or sharing of risk viii) Enabling to form acceptable rule and regulation and ix) feeling of empowerment.

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2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

It is an organized set up to provide micro credit to the rural women on the strength of the group savings without insisting on any collateral security for the purpose of encouraging them to enter in to entrepreneurial activities and for making them enterprising women (Gurumoorthy, 2000). Puhanzhendi and Badatya (2002) find that the SHG programme has a positive social impact. Rajamohan (2003) stated that SHG is a medium for the development of saving habit among the women. Jeyasudha (2004) reported that eradication of poverty and the ushering in of speedy socioeconomic progress is the goal with which the developmental programmes are being implemented through a multipronged strategy, reaching out to the most disadvantaged sections of the society. She placed the concept of rural development at the top of agenda in national policies of developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The developed countries have also recognized this need and have directed their efforts towards meeting the basic needs of the poorest people in developing countries.

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3 METHODOLOGY

The study entitled “SHG in Techno Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women” was conducted on the following specific objectives. Empowerment of women in relation to SHG (ii) Profile of SHG Structure and functions of SHG SWOT analysis of SHG Constraints of SHG and suggestion Case studies

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4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Concept and Meaning of Empowerment Meaning and definition Women empowerment has been widely recognized as an important goal in global development process. The term “empowerment” was coined in the second half of the seventeenth century (Oxford English Dictionary). It gained momentum in USA in 1960s when the activists of Black Panat Movement used the term ‘empowerment’ in the context of political mobilization. In 1980s the term was adopted by NGOs worldwide to signify an alternative development agenda for poverty alleviation based on principles of participation and self help. During this period, the participation and self help came to forefront. There after it has entered many fields of theory and practice. Since 1980s, the world has witnessed the concept, used to describe this phenomenon (empowerment). The voiceless and powerless are the common elements that need the concept of empowerment in terms of socio-economic, technological, cultural and political development. In the context of power, empowerment depends on two things. These are: power can change and power can extend. The concept came to exist that power can change and power can extend giving the term ‘empowerment’ as the power is created in relationship, power and power relationship can certainly change. Therefore, empowerment simply is a process of change.

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5 STRUCTURE OF SHG

Motives of joining SHG Sensitization for joining SHG does not alone help to achieve immediate result. Motives when combined with inspiration, an individual is tempted to act so also the case with sample SHG who expressed motives for joining SHG as follows.

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6 PROFILE OF SHG

The study is confined to tribal zone of Orissa, especially of Koraput district where tribes account for 49.69% of the district population. The sample SHG were selected from Sadar, Similiguda and Koraput blocks without any prejudice to their performance. At the outset, it is admitted that SHG has created a sensation among the tribes to look forward the development process. The present study ‘SHG in Techno-Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women’ has been conceived to find out inter-play of technological and economic variables that reflect in social status. Membership status SHG starts with the philosophy of micro-approach. Small sized group dynamics, available technology and economic opportunity linked with market structure are the perceived objectives to bring change in livelihood system. The study considered the age of SHG, present membership status, rate of discontinuance as the basic factors of SHG in tribal zone.

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7 SWOT ANALYSIS OF SHG

SWOT analysis is the systematic identification of the internal strength and weakness of an organization or enterprise and environmental opportunities and threats. The analysis is based on the assumption that effective strategy maximizes strength and opportunities and simultaneously minimizes its weakness and threats. Entrepreneurial activities require a SWOT before initiation to provide first hand information about feasibility of the enterprise. All SHGs in rural sector are formed for income generation. A variety of enterprises coming up through SHG in rural sector may or may not be successful. SWOT provides basic direction for entrepreneurship at any level for benefit of the practitioners. The SWOT of SHG in tribal area where study was conducted has been analyzed.

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8 CONSTRAINTS OF SHG

The problems of SHG are many and diversified. The problems vary from place to place and SHG to SHG. Then problems cluster is in relation to economic productivity, overall welfare and livelihood. As we observe since five decades after independence, resistance of people in the state of social, economic, political disempowerment is considered to measure hindrance to overall development. The SHG being a part of society is not an exception to be cited with problem. During investigation the constraints experienced by SHGs members are categorized under five areas namely personal, social, economical, technological and marketing problem. These problem directly and indirectly affects the performance of SHGs. The evidences of past studies and experience in the present context reveal a wide variation in the dimension of the problem.

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9 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED HOUSEHOLDS OF SHG MEMBERS

Family No. 1 Name and address: Smt. Jamuna Khajuriputia Age - 45 years, Caste - ST Village – Rajbadei Block – Similiguda, Koraput Family size: A total of five members, husband Gopinath (50 years), the son Ramesh and Podu, daughter-in-law Dana and herself. Male : Female ratio is 3:2 Educational status: All members have education except daughter-in-law, Dana. The status score is 4.16 in 10 point scale.

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10 End Pages

BIBLIOGRAPHY AARO (1998). Report of the international workshop on micro entrepreneurship for rural women, AARO, New Delhi. Abhaskumar Jha (2004). “Lending to the Poor: Designs for Credit”, EPW, Vol. XXXV, No. 8 and 9. ADA DIALOGUE, N°37, May 2007 Annual Report (2003-2004). Natural resources system programme. Annual Report (2007-08). Department of Rural Development, Government of India. APMAS, (2003). ‘A Study on SHG Bank Linkage in Andhra Pradesh’, Hyderabad. APMAS, (October 2005). Optimizing SHGs.

 
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