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The meaningful purpose to write present book to formulate the multiple questions in simple manner that are asked in many competitive examinations like M.Sc. , Ph.D. , Assistant Professor, SRF, JRF, NET etc. Students have to depend on various books, literature, monograms, research papers and other materials to collect information on various subjects offered in Plant Breeding and Genetics.
The objective type questions are being use for evaluation schemes for the entrance and also assessment for the various courses offered in UG and PG programmes. Large number of questions has been formulated chapter wise, which requires considerable efforts. The book entitled “Genetics and Plant Breeding for Competitive Examinations” covers all the courses being offered in UG and PG programme.
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The meaningful purpose to write present book to formulate the multiple questions in simple manner that are asked in many competitive examinations like M.Sc., Ph.D., Asstt. Professor, SRF, JRF, NET etc. Students have to depend on various books, literature, monograms, research papers and other materials to collect information on various subjects offered in Plant Breeding and Genetics.
The meaningful purpose to write present book to formulate the multiple questions in simple manner that are asked in many competitive examinations like M.Sc., Ph.D., Asstt. Professor, SRF, JRF, NET etc. Students have to depend on various books, literature, monograms, research papers and other materials to collect information on various subjects offered in Plant Breeding and Genetics.
1 Genetics and Cell Biology
A. Define / Explain the following
1. Mitosis: The multiplication of a body cell into two daughter cells of equal size and containing the same number of chromosomes as in the parent cell is called mitosis or somatic division.
2. Meiosis: Meiosis occurs only in gonads (in germ mother cells) during the formation of gametes like sperm and ovum. Meiosis is a process by means of which double number or 2N or diploid chromosomes is reduced to its half number or n or haploid. It is also called reduction process.
1. Mitosis: The multiplication of a body cell into two daughter cells of equal size and containing the same number of chromosomes as in the parent cell is called mitosis or somatic division.
2. Meiosis: Meiosis occurs only in gonads (in germ mother cells) during the formation of gametes like sperm and ovum. Meiosis is a process by means of which double number or 2N or diploid chromosomes is reduced to its half number or n or haploid. It is also called reduction process.
2 Introduction in Plant Breeding
2.1 Introduction in Plant Breeding
A. Define/Explain the followings
1. Plant breeding: Plant breeding is defined as the art, science and technology of improving the genetic make-up of crop plants in relation to their economic use for mankind.
1. Plant breeding: Plant breeding is defined as the art, science and technology of improving the genetic make-up of crop plants in relation to their economic use for mankind.
3 Mutation Breeding
A. Define/Explain the followings
1. Mutation: Sudden heritable change in the phenotype of an individual.
2. Macro-mutations: Mutations with distinct morphological changes in the phenotype are called macro-mutations. Such mutations are found in qualitative character and, therefore, are also called oligogenic mutations.
1. Mutation: Sudden heritable change in the phenotype of an individual.
2. Macro-mutations: Mutations with distinct morphological changes in the phenotype are called macro-mutations. Such mutations are found in qualitative character and, therefore, are also called oligogenic mutations.
4 Polyploidy
A. Define/Explain the following
1. Heteroploidy: Any change in chromosome number from the diploid state.
2. Euploidy: Numerical change in the entire genome.
1. Heteroploidy: Any change in chromosome number from the diploid state.
2. Euploidy: Numerical change in the entire genome.
5 Agricultural Biotechnology
1. Agricultural biotechnology: Agricultural biotechnology is a collection of scientific techniques used to improve plants, animals and microorganisms.
2. Gel electrophoresis: Analytical technique by which usually large biomolecules (proteins, DNA) are separated through a gel by application of an electric field.
1. Agricultural biotechnology: Agricultural biotechnology is a collection of scientific techniques used to improve plants, animals and microorganisms.
2. Gel electrophoresis: Analytical technique by which usually large biomolecules (proteins, DNA) are separated through a gel by application of an electric field.
6 Crop Breeding
1. Ideotype : It is a biological model which is expected to perform in a predicted manner in a defined environment.
2. Shuttle breeding: Growing of segregating generation in different environments.
1. Ideotype : It is a biological model which is expected to perform in a predicted manner in a defined environment.
2. Shuttle breeding: Growing of segregating generation in different environments.
7 Seed Technology
1. Nucleus seed: It is the handful of original seed obtained from selected individual plants of a particular variety. It has the highest genetic purity and physical purity.
1. Nucleus seed: It is the handful of original seed obtained from selected individual plants of a particular variety. It has the highest genetic purity and physical purity.
8 Biometrical Genetics
Biometrical genetics: This is a branches of genetics which uses the statistical concept and procedures for the study of genetic principles.
1. ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair
2. ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
3. ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
1. ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair
2. ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
3. ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
12 List of National Research Centres
1. ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Trichi
2. ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
3. ICAR-National Research Centre for Litchi, Muzaffarpur
1. ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagarh, Gujarat
2. ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
15 All India Coordinated Research Projects
All India Coordinated Research Projects
1. AICRP on Nematodes, New Delhi
2. AICRP on Maize, New Delhi
3. AICRP Rice, Hyderabad
4. AICRP on Chickpea, Kanpur
Agricultural Research Centers in World
1. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR Centers)- Montpellier, France (1971)
2. International Center For Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Colombia (1969)
1. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR Centers)- Montpellier, France (1971)
2. International Center For Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)-Colombia (1969)
17 Agricultural University
Agricultural University
17.1 Central Agricultural Universities
1. Central Agricultural University, Imphal Manipur
2. Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi Uttar Pradesh
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
1. Central Agricultural University, Imphal Manipur
2. Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi Uttar Pradesh
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
18 Achievements in Plant Breeding
Unique Achievement in Plant Breeding
Rice
TN-1: First dwarf variety of rice developed in world
IR-8: Second dwarf and first high yielding variety of rice developed in world
Jaya: First dwarf variety of rice developed in India
