Ebooks

It is a great delight to announce that the General English (Skill and Entrepreneurship Development Series: Volume 01) (HSS 111) is offered to students of B Sc. (Hons) Horticulture for 1st Year to mpeet the requirements of the lab activities. The aforesaid course is too lengthy to cover in such a tiny form of a workbook. It contains the content of all the lab exercises assigned to students. Despite it, this will be more than sufficient for the study of undergraduates to understand the basic concepts of English Grammar. Apart from the practical portion assigned to the said course additional knowledge of phonetics is accommodated in the present workbook for a better understanding of phonology.

1.0. Objectives To describe communication, its type and process To illustrate the methods to make listening effectively To impart knowledge of effective communication skills To impart tips to improve their verbal and non-verbal communication

.0. Objectives To recognize different types of sentences and text To demonstrate the correct structure of sentence and text To demonstrate the method to transform the tense of sentence To idenitify the function of teaching verb tense 2.0. Basic Sentence Structure 2.1. Subject and Predicate In the following short sentence.

  1.0. Objectives To study the elements of the sentence and its order in that To identify elements of the sentence and observe the changing of words’ order in that To teach to label elements used in the sentence To teach that every language has its conventions for word order 2.0. Grammatical Units To know any language knowledge of its grammar is highly required. As it is set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases and words in a language. On the basis of function, words’ categories are described. Utterance, morpheme, words, phrases, clauses and sentences in language are called grammatical units. Here few lines are given below following the description of grammatical units used.

1.0. Objectives To impart knowledge of tense and verb To study forms of verbs and its use in twelve verb tenses To enable students to develop sentences in all tenses as required To study the pattern/formula of making sentences effectively 2.0. What is Tense A tense can be defined as the form of a verb that indicates the time and the state of an action or event or Tense is the study of forms of verbs.

1.0. Objectives To make out the definition of verb and its kinds To enable the students to show the correct usage of verbs To train learners to identify appropriate verbs for subjects To practise to use different types of verbs suitable, in sentence, to express the intension 2.0 What is a Verb “A verb is a word that implies an action, state of being”. It is a very important part of a sentence as it operates sentences in particular tense. It is called the soul of the English language. 3.0 Kinds of Verb To understand the kinds of the verb see the chart given below-

1.0. Objectives To impart knowledge about voices To differentiate between active and passive voices To escribe rules of transferring from active to passive and Vice versa To provide the knowledge of making communication and writing more effective with the inclusion of voice Active Voice is used when the subject of the sentence is prime and emphasis is on that. E.g. Teacher elected him CR of the class.

1.0. Objectives To impart knowledge of Phonetic and phonology and the significance of its taching and learning To make understand how sounds of the alphabets are made and perceived To demonstrate the use of the phonetics material 2.0 Introduction to Phonetics Phonetics is a branch of Linguistics. It is a word derived from the Greek word, phone= sound/ voice. It is the study of sounds and the human voice. Phonology is the study of sound patterns of a particular language.

1.0. Objectives To impart the concept of word formation To train to use and change words in various category To provide the knowledge of affixation, conversion and compounding 2.0. Word Formation The term ‘word formation’ does not impart an exact, universally endorsed usage. It focuses on all processes associated to changing the form of the word by, for example, affixation basically refers to morphology. In broad sense word formation depicts the processes of forming new lexical units. These changes can be noticed and understood easily, sometimes it becomes complex too.

1.0. Objectives To increase communication skills of learners To enable to develop of genuine and original dialogue in various situations To inculcate the habit to handle an unknown situation To polish behaviou in line of dialogue 2.0. Situational Dialogues and Role Play blend together They are introduced to generating speech among the students. Taking one situation, one has to write dialogues. Dialogue is nothing other than writing a conversation between two persons or more than two persons in a particular situation. One person has to take a situation and create characters and feel as other characters and build a dialogue.

1.0. Objectives To describe how to develop thoughts in various situations To manifest the methods to judge the mind of people To make learners familiar with ready sentences To practice to imagine the consequence of conversation To learn to use interrogative adverbs effectively Impart the manner to utter information, ideas, and concepts in a more polite way

1.0. Objectives To illustrate public speaking competence To impart the knowledge of making speech more effective To prepare learners able to make the balance between orator and audience To inculcate presentation skills in the learners 2.0. What is Public Speaking Public speaking is a process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners.

1.0. Objectives To produce proficient and smart readers To develop constructive comprehension of texts To impart the techniques of a fusion of knowledge and skills and train learners accordingly To develop strategies to get the crisp of the meaning of paragraphs and pages. To practice reading comprehension

1.0. Objectives To make implication of report writing To impart knowledge of different techniques of report writing To make out the methods to remove hurdles trying in way of transmitting the information 2.0. Characteristics of a Report Accuracy: An Effective report reflects their purpose. While putting together a report, your investigation, analysis, and recommendations should be directed by this central purpose. Precision gives unity and coherence to your report and makes it a valuable document.

1.0. Objectives Identifying the subject and verb of a sentence Understand the rules of correct writing Illustration of the significance of the forms of verbs according to the subject in sentences The practice of choosing a verb that goes with the subject of a sentence

1.0. Objectives To provide knowledge of the correct structure and content of the formal letter To show the letter-writing etiquette To impart knowledge of different types of letters To make out how to develop ideas in a formal and informal letter To make them practice writing letters

1.0. Objectives To demonstrate meaning, definition, importance, essentials of the précis writing To impart the technique how to write the essence of texts To make readers develop an objective approach 2.0 Precise “Precise may be defined as a concise and clear statement embodying in a connected and readable shape the substance of a longer passage.” The word “Precis” is a French term PRECISE which means summary. Thus it conveys the brief statement of the longer texts. 3.0 How to Write a Precise

1.0. Objectives To impart knowledge of intonation, its types and pitch in sentences To identify stress on words in sentences. To understand how stress on words changes the meaning To impart knowledge of intonation symbols To develop the ability to recognize the intonation and acquire speech and its pattern 2.0. Definition Intonation is the variation that takes place in the pitch of the voice in connected speech i.e. the variation in the pitch of the musical note produced by the vibration of the vocal cords. It is melody in spoken language.

1.0. Objectives To illustrate the importance of using idioms in colloquial language To point out how idioms amplify the meaning of pieces of mind To make out how one can skip from a direct projection of ideas with the help of idioms To provide the knowledge of some significant idioms 2.0 Idiom An idiom is an expression or articulation that generally presents an allegorical, different from its literal meaning appended to the phrases; however, a few phrases become metaphorical sayings while holding the strict importance of the literal expression. Sorted as predictable language, an idiom’s meaning is not quite the same as the imparting meaning. An idiom is an essential part of any language which shows the originality of language and its expression.