The book Integrated Disease Management has been specifically written to cater to students. The following are the notable aspects of this volume:
1. The book has been meticulously designed to ensure maximum comprehension by children with minimal effort.
2. Each chapter is structured to provide a comprehensive understanding of key concepts and aid students in developing their investigative skills.
3. The content is presented in a sequential manner, which not only captures the attention of students but also simplifies the comprehension process.
4. The inclusion of Fun Time serves as an effective ice breaker and prepares students for the information that follows.
5. The Infohive section encourages young minds to learn new things and broaden their intellectual horizons.
6. The language used in the book is straightforward and easy to understand.
7. This book will be of immense assistance to both teachers and students in the field of plant pathology.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi an apex body developed new course curricula for Undergraduate and Post graduate students under the umbrella of 6th Dean's & BSMA Committee. The syllabus has been completely revised and has rendered existing textbooks obsolete or incomplete for students. This gap in knowledge give me an excellent opportunity to present updated textbooks to students as per their syllabus requirements. This book of Integrated Disease Management is a carefully written for UG & PG
The term “plant health” has two overlapping meanings. In the more specific meaning, plant health refers to plant quarantine, while in the less specific use, it covers all areas of plant protection, such as plant pest management, plant quarantine, and pesticide regulation and application.
Disease in plants defined as the series of invisible and visible responses of plant cells and tissues to a pathogenic organism or environmental factor that result in adverse changes in the form, function, or integrity of the plant and may lead to partial impairment or death of plant parts or of the entire plant.
With some important exceptions, applied plant pathology was for many years rather single minded. It aimed at eradication or total exclusion of a plant disease , and it relied largely on a single control method, application of chemical poisons.
1. Detection means the existence of whatever do you want detecting but diagnosis is that the analysis in depth of existing thing. 2. Objectively look for, listen to the credible complains, symptoms that is sometimes not visible at all. 3. It is art or skill of identifying some abnormalities, i.e. which is below or higher than the normal permissible range/threshold.
Decisions need to be taken by the farmer as to how to implement disease management in the most effective and economic manner. Many of these decisions are taken a long time before any diseases appear, such as the crop rotation, time of planting, amount of fertiliser, etc. During the growing season, however, continual decisions need to be made regarding disease management.
Integrated disease management includes use of physical, cultural, biological, chemical and biotechnological for disease management. It may comprise computer aided sampling, decision making, improved farm tools & equipment.Farmers are the primary decision makers in Integrated disease management programs. They have to decide individually and collectively how to manage all diseases that may harm crops.
Integrated disease management (IDM) needs competence in three broad areas I. Prevention II. Monitoring III. Intervention
The techniques used in disease management mainly based on two principles,: Prevention or prophylaxis and cureThe first principle prevention includes disease management tactics applied before infection i.e., the plant is protected from disease. It includes: avoidance, exclusion, eradication, resistant&protection. Second principle curative action: functions with any measure applied after the plant is infectedi.e., the plant is treated for the disease.It includes therapy.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that up to 40% of food crops are lost due to plant pests and diseases annually. Such losses not only threaten global food security but also have the potential to limit food access due to unavailability of food, or sharp increases in food prices. But this challenge is also an opportunity to find new ways to help crops better withstand adverse conditions in a farmer’s field.
Pesticides have a direct impact on agricultural economy and food security. The presence of spurious, fake, illegal or duplicate pesticides in the market result in losses of yield and farmers’ income. Over 30% of plant protection chemicals sold in India are not registered, fake, sub-standard, misbranded, counterfeit, unapproved and illegitimate pesticides, bio pesticides and bio-stimulants. They are developed by passing regulations and field trials.
In order for a plant to become diseased, three conditions must be present: (1) a pathogen, (2) a favorable environment and (3) a susceptible host. All the strategies we use to manage plant diseases work to remove or limit one of these factors, thus breaking the plant disease triangle. The key to sustainable plant disease management is to establish an agro- ecological system that is favorable to plant growth and development at the population level and adverse to pathogen evolution and epidemic development based on interactions among plants, pathogens, vectors and environment.
Of late, there has been a growing trend for individuals and companies to “Go Green” or be more environmentally friendly. There has also been a opinion that natural and organic products are healthier or safer. The pest control industry has responded to these changes in our culture and business markets with innovations in products, materials, and methods. Requests for “organic” based services have grown to a point where most pest control providers offer services that use only natural pesticides.
First aid is the initial treatment of a person suffering from a pesticide exposure, before seeking proper medical attention. The first action is to remove the person from the source of the exposure by removing pesticide from the skin, removing contaminated clothing, or getting the person to fresh air. While doing this, be careful to avoid contaminating yourself.
Sampling: Disease assessment activity within plots and fields. Survey: To move over a specific place for some observation. Surveillance: Repeated or sequential survey of some place/ locality for some observation to ascertain the changes /fluctuations in the objects of study.
A broad range of products and services are required by farmers in order to adopt Integrated Disease Management , calling for close interaction between them, the scientists and the experts developing IDM technologies. IDM must be based on farmers’ concerns and circumstances.
Validation of IDM technologies is ultimate test for IDM knitted with available technologies under ground realities of the field. Since IDM is multidisciplinary, multiorganizational and multi-locational participatory approach, involvement of all the stakeholders, including farmers and field technicians is to be ensured. The following guidelines have been used as spirit behind the methodology of IDM validation.
The eventual objective of promoting IDM is to empower its users to engage sustainable agricultural production with long term positive impacts on human being, poverty and environmental health.The impact of successful implementation of IDM approaches cannot be achieved if IDM is not strategically placed within national policies for agricultural production and protection. There are number of the national policies and related regulations that have direct impact on IDM adoption and scaling up in India.
India has successfully reduced pesticide consumption without adversely affecting the agricultural productivity. This was facilitated by appropriate policies that discouraged pesticide use and favored IDM application. Despite it, adoption of IDM is low owing to a number of socio –economic, institutional and policy issues.
• Pathogen attacks the crop at all stages of crop growth. • Symptoms appear on leaves, nodes, rachis, and glumes. On the leaves, the lesions appear as small bluish green flecks, which enlarge under moist weather to form the characteristic spindle shaped spots with grey centre and dark brown margin (Leaf blast).
A Adoption of IDM 175 Advantages and disadvantages of natural pesticides 144 Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic pesticides 145 Advantages of biological control 91 Advantages of combining fungicides for disease control 125
