eChapters

I. FILL UPS

1. _____ vegetable contain anti-diabetic properties.
2. Bittergourd has _____ similar to bovine insulin.
3. Bittergourd is popularly seen as a _____.
4. Bittergourd is a _____ plant.

Planning

• Generally 10% of the total area is left aside for building, roads, paths, tube-well, channels etc.
• Windbreak is very important aspect of orchard planning.
• Windbreak plants are planted in North–Wset direction.
• The market should be vicinity of orcharding site. It reduces transportation.
• The site of orchard should not be a wind or flood prone area.
• The soil should be neutral in reaction (pH 7).
• As per climate adaptability, fruit plants have been classified into three groups; tropical, sub–tropical and temperate types.

Family : Amaryllidaceae

Flowering: December-January

Fruiting: January-February

Botanical description: It is a herb. The leaves of the plants are cylindric, fistular and look like tubes. Flower of the plant is white or greenish white with a short pedicel.

Ecology: The plant is commonly cultivated along the river banks during winter season. The plant loves to grow in sandy and loamy soil.

Use: Young leaves and shoots are collected, fried then eaten. The leaves and the flowering stalks are used for various preparations and curries.

Take 1 g phenolpathalin powder in a 100 ml volumetric flask. Then add volume up to 100 ml by ethanol (Ethyl alcohol).

8.1. Origin and distribution

• Indigenous to Eastern and Southern Africa, the Canary Islands and Spain.

• Spread to Mediterranean basin, West Indies, India, China.

• Also cultivated in India. It is the miracle plant.

8.2. Economic importance

• Source of drug aloe; aloe gel is a mixture of glucoside aloin, main constituent of atom is barbation.

• Commercially important species - A. barbadensis, A. ferox, A. africana and A. spicata

• Yellow bitter juice from leaves consists of aloin and gel.

• Other products - dehydrated aloe powder, concentrates.

Date:

Objective: To practice group task.

Overview: Teamwork and good interpersonal relationships are of great importance in professional life. Hence, organizations often use various methods to test qualities such as communication/influencing/leadership skills. One commonly used method is assigning group task to the candidates. Group task requires striking a balance between team goals and individual success. The team members are expected to contribute to the overall goals while furthering their individual objectives. Additionally, the evaluator can observe leadership skills, team spirit, communication skills, analytical and decision-making skills of the group members without being intrusive. One can also judge the role for which a particular member is best suited. The time assigned for a task-based group discussion/ group task can range from 10 to 60 minutes depending upon the complexity of the task.

Source

? Consumption of seeds (dog/cat), Baits containing strychinine kept for foxes, rats, mice

? Cattle are more susceptible to strychnine poisoning parenterally than orally because strychnine is destroyed in the rumen

? Ingestion of birds or rats poisoned with strychnine and ingestion of strychnine treated seeds of peanuts, wheat (in human).

? In Seeds, 1.53- 3.24% total alkaloids out of which 50% is strychnine.

? Loganin (glycoside), Vomicine, α-colubrine, betacolubrine, pseudo strychinine (alkaloid), Brucine, strychnine and strychnicine (leaves), Brucine and small amount of strychnine (bark)

? Average amount of strychnine and brucine in nuxvomica seeds is 1.23 and 1.55% respectively.

? Strychnine- an indole alkaloid found in seeds of Strychnos nuxvomica is extremely stable and can be detected in specimens many years even after the death of animals.

? It is rapidly absorbed from the GIT and parentrally significant amount found in liver and kidney while small amount reaches CNS.

? Metabolized by hepatic MFOs and primarily excreted in urine within 10 hrs.

Objective: This practical aims to understand the taxonomic traits of Terebrantia and Tubilifera, focusing on their unique features and differences.

I. FILL UPS

1. The stigma receptivity of ribbedgourd is_____.
2. Ribbedgourd is a _____ pollinated crop.
   1. Isolation distance for foundation seed production of ribbedgourd is _____.

Etiology

Group 1 adenovirus. First reported in Pakistan in 1987, where it caused a devastating effect on broiler industry. It has spread to all continents.

Family : Amaryllidaceae

Flowering: November-December

Fruiting: January-February

Botanical description: The plant is a herb. The leaves of the plants are flat, linear with sheaths, about half of their length. Flower of the plant is white or greenish white with a short pedicel. The plant is having bulbs with membranous outer scales in the axils of which do exist 10-12 lesser bulbs.

Digestion Mixure : This is a mixture of two salt. That is potassium sulfate and cupper sulfate with 9:1 ratio (90 g Potassium sulfate + 10 g Copper sulphate).

9.1. Origin and distribution

• Originates in Tropical America

• Distributed in all tropical and sub-tropical regions

9.2. Economic importance

• Economic part - Whole plant

• Phyllanthin (0.4-0.5%) and hypophyllanthin

• Antioxidant with free radical scavenging properties due to presence of high levels of super oxide dismutase.

• Effective in treatment of peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, diabetes etc.

• Treatment of Hepatitis B and j aundice

Date:

Objective: To make group presentation.

Description: Group presentation refers to presentation of subject matter by few or a group of people. Group presentations are fairly common in professional life and hence, one should have a mastery over how to prepare and make group presentations. If handled properly, group presentations have several advantages over individual presentations. They are more attention grabbing and interesting as the mere presence of more than one individual introduces variety into the process. Work can be shared among the team members and knowledge and resources can be pooled for better outcome.

Objective: Aims to understand and identify the key differences between insects belonging to the suborders Nematocera and Brachycera.

Appendix A: Diagrammatic Presentation of Processes Involved in Obtaining an Indian Patent

I. FILL UPS

1. The viability of pollen grains in snakegourd is for _____.
2. Stigma receptivity is for _____hours after opening.
3. The isolation distance for snakegourd foundation seed production is _____.
4. The wild species of snakegourd is _____.

English Name: Node Flower Allmaina

Family: Amaranthaceae

Flowering: May-June

Fruiting: June-July

Botanical description: The plant is an annual herb. It is erect and rising, 10-50 cm tall. Stem is branched from or near the base. The Leaves are obovate, oblong, or linear with 1.5-6.5 mm long and 0.3-2.5 cm wide. Flowers of the plant are greenish or orange-red in colour with 3-7-flowered cymes. Seeds are single, black and shining with 1.5-2 mm in diam.

Ecology: The plant is a common weed widely distributed in forests and cultivated lands.

100 ppm ‘P’ : By dissolving oven dry KH2 PO4 salt. Take 0.4393 gm of KH2 PO4 and volume to 1 ltr that gives 100 ppm ‘P’.