eChapters

It is a benign tumor of endothelial cells. It is a common tumor of dogs. Solar induction is one of the cause for development of this tumor.

The best learning situation requires one specimen and set of tools per two students for studies. Students working in pairs have ample opportunity to fully participate in the dissection and to carefully examine the specimen. They are also able to share and discuss their observations during and after the dissection.

Requirements: Dissecting pan with wax pad, dissecting pins, forceps, hand lenses and scissors

Procedure

Place the specimen in the dissecting pan ventral side up. Use scissors to cut through the exoskeleton‘s ventral side from the head to the posterior end of the abdomen.

Yabby: It is one of the burrowing Australian crayfishes (Cherax destructor) that are used for food.

Yakitori: A bite-size marinated pieces of beef, seafood, or chicken on skewers is called yakitori.

Yam: It is edible starchy tuberous root of plants (genus Dioscorea of the family Dioscoreaceae) used as a staple food in tropical areas.

Yard–long bean: It is the edible 1 to 3 foot (0.3 to 0.9 meter) long thin stringless pod of a south Asian plant of a subspecies (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) of the cowpea.

Yautia: It is one of the aroid plants (Xanthosomasagittifolium) chiefly of tropical America with starchy edible shaggy brown tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes.

Yeanling: A young lamb or kid used for food is called yeanling. It is also called earling.

Yearling mutton: Meat obtained from 12-20 month aged sheep. It is also called Earling mutton..

Jasmonic acid: Jasmonic acid is derived from the fatty acid, linolenic acid. It is a member of the jasmonate class of plant hormones. It is biosynthesized from linolenic acid by the octadecanoid pathway. The major function of JA and its various metabolites is regulating plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses as a well as plant growth and development processes.

Ketose: A simple sugar in which carbonyl group is a ketone.

Kinases: Enzymes that catalyse phosphorylation of an acceptor molecule such as protein molecule by ATP.

Indicaton: Irreversible damage of both the bovine digits & to provide a foot pad for comfortable walking of animal

Indication: Irreparable damage of metacarpal bone.

Definition : It is a technique in which foreiirnb is amputed from elbow joint. Indication : Incurable damage of radius ulna.

Q₁₀ (Temperature coefficient): The ratio of the rate of chemical reaction at a particular temperature to the rate of that chemical reaction exactly at 10°C lower.

Qualitative photoperiod: Qualitative plants are those in which a particular photoperiod is an absolute requirement for the occurrence of a response. Ex: Common cocklebur

Qualitative response (absolute response, obligatory response): A plant response, usually flowering, that absolutely depends on some day length, temperature, or other environmental stimulus. If the plant does not experience the required stimulus, the response does not occur (e.g., the plant remains vegetative). Opposite to quantitative response.

Quantasomes : Quantasomes are particles found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place. They are embedded in a para crystalline array on the surface of thylakoid discs in chloroplasts. They are composed of lipids and proteins that include various photosynthetic pigments and redox carriers.

Ubiquinone (UQ): It is a lipophilic metabolite that functions in the electron transport chain in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes, and the inner mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotes, apart from its roles as an antioxidant and in the regeneration of tocopherols. Also called as Coenzyme Q.

Ubiquitin: It is a small protein that is found in almost all cellular tissues in all eukaryotic organisms,( i.e. it occurs ubiquitously) which helps to regulate the processes of other proteins in the body.

Ultracentrifuge: A high speed centrifuge with speed upto 60,000 rpm and centrifugal field of 500,000 x g

The method described here gives an approximate thioglucoside and isothiocyanates contents in rapeseed meal.

Reagents and Apparatus
    1.    Barium chloride (5% solution)
    2.    Volumetric flask, 600 ml
    3.    Steam bath

Method

To 10 g meal (defatted by soxhlet extraction) add 250 ml distilled water, hydrolyse at 54ºC for one hour and then boil for two hours, keeping volume constant. Filter, retaining filtrate and wash residue three times with 50 ml hot water. Add washings to initial filtrate and make up volume to 600 ml. Precipitate barium sulphate by heating and adding excess barium chloride solution. Leave on a steam bath for a few hours and then filter. Ash in muffle furnace and then weigh precipitate.

Xanthophylls (Carotenoids): These are tetraterpenes with general formula C₄₀H₅₆O₂. Xanthophylls are a class of oxygen-containing carotenoid pigments, responsible for the color of many of the yellow, orange, and red hues of flowers, fruits, vegetables (corn, pepper, etc.), egg yolks, and feathers, shells, or flesh of many animal species (flamingo, canary, shrimp, lobster, chicken, or salmonids). In plants, they are involved in photosynthesis with chlorophyll and are responsible for the red, yellow, and/or brown colors of autumn foliage as the chlorophyll levels decline.

Xeromorphy: Morphological characteristics, such as small, tough leaves, a heavy cuticle, etc., that are generally important for adaptation to dry environmental conditions.

Yamogenin: A triterpene plant steroid belonging to a group of sapongenins that is obtained from Dioscorea and is used in making oral contraceptives.

Z scheme: Refer non-cyclic electron transport.

Z-DNA: A duplex DNA structure in which helical coiling of the two polynucleotide chains is left handed and phosphate backbone of the polynucleotides follows a zig-zag course.

Zeatin: Most abundant natural cytokinin present in plant.