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Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of adipocytes in dogs. Grossly, the neoplastic cells are arranged in less circumscribed to large firm to hard (Figure 67) nodules on the dermis and the nodules noticed on the subcutis are grey white in color.

Xanthan gum: It is a polysaccharide that is produced by fermentation of carbohydrates by a gram-negative bacterium (Xanthomonas campestris) and is a thickening and suspending agent used in pharmaceuticals and prepared foods. It is also called xanthan. Xanthan is a stabilizer produced by Xanthomonas compestris (Plate 340). Xanthan is not hydrolysed or degraded by humans.

Xanthine: A basic compound C5 H4 N4 O2 that occurs in animal or plant tissue, is derived from guanine and hypoxanthine, and yields uric acid on oxidation.

Xanthones: It is a group of yellow pigments e.g. mangiferin in mango,

Xanthophyll: Yellow hydroxyl carotene derivative (C40H550C) which is present in all green leaves together with chlorophyll and carotene. Xanthophyll is a pigment containing O2 derived from carotene.

Xeroderma pigmentosum: It is a genetic disorder inherited as a recessive autosomal trait that is caused by a defect in mechanisms that repair DNA mutations (as those caused by ultraviolet light) and is characterized by the development of pigment abnormalities and multiple skin cancers in areas exposed to the sun.

Indian poultry industry has made a fastest and remarkable growth ever since its inception and is presently emerging as a sunrise sector with a growth rate of 6-8 percent per annum. Today India is third largest producer of chicken egg and fifth largest producer of broilers/chicken meat in the world (Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), 2018), with estimated production of 103.3 billion numbers eggs and 4.06 million tonnes of poultry meat in year 2018-19. Poultry sector contributes Rs.1347.57 billion in total output of livestock sector which hold 12.91 percent share (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics (BAHS, 2019). The Indian poultry market was worth Rs.1,750 billion in 2018 and was worth Rs. 2,049 billion in 2019. The market is further projected to reach Rs. 4,340 billion by 2024, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 16.2 percent during 2019-2024 (www.indianmirror.com). The major growth drivers for the sector are increasing incomes coupled by changing food habits, large un-penetrated market, growth in the processing sector, and awareness of the consumer about the safe and hygienic poultry products. The sector has provided direct employment to 40 lakh and indirect employment to 2.5 crore people (Khan, 2019). The annual per capita availability of poultry products has increased from 5 eggs and 400 gram chicken in 1950 to 79 eggs and 3.21 kg chicken in 2019. However, it is far below then recommended consumption of 180 eggs and 10.8 kg poultry meat per person per annum by Indian Council of Medical Research.

Common name    :    English- Burr Bush
        Hindi- Chikti
        Odia- Badya chana pata/tatatatia

Family    :    Tiliaceae

Habit & Distribution
The plant is a herb (Fig. 88 a), fairly common weed, distributed throughout tropical and subtropical India.

General Characters
It is an erect woody herb, grows up to 30-90 cm. leaves are simple, alternate, broadly ovate to sub orbicular. Flowers are yellow, small and clustered on leaf axils. Fruit is a subglobose and about 3-4 mm in diameter, covered with 75-100 hooked spines of 1.0 to 1.5 mm long. The plant flowers and bears fruits during July-January.

Q    :    Ubiquinone (coq).

Q    :    Every.

Q fever      :    An acute zoonotic disease caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii.

The label on the pesticide container is the principal source of information about a product. The label has all the fundamental information that is required. If you need information about a pesticide, do not rely on memory as it is very easy to make a mistake. Read the label every time before using a pesticide. The lay-out of the pesticide label varies between countries. However, every label on a pesticide container from a reputable manufacturer or source will have the following information:

In soil system, potassium (K) exists as water soluble, exchangeable, non- exchangeable and lattice K. The plant available K refers to the sum of water soluble and exchangeable K. Estimation of available K is usually done using neutral normal ammonium acetate as the extractant.

1. Botanical name : Fragaria indica Andr.

2. Family : Rosaceae

3. Common Name : Wild strawberry, Indian Strawberry, Mock strawberry

4. Name in Indian languages

Kiphaliya (Hindi), Kaphai (Kumaoni), Kakyen, Khujin, Laba, Linmahu (Manipuri), Sarpe Phool, Bhuin aiselu (Nepali), Bhuinaakhe, Kophal (Himachali).

5. Description

It is small perennial herb. It is found in cool and shady locations in wastelands as well as in the cultivated fields. The fruits are bright-red color, The plant resembles the strawberry to a great extent.

It is a benign tumor of endothelial cells. It is a common tumor of dogs. Solar induction is one of the cause for development of this tumor.

The best learning situation requires one specimen and set of tools per two students for studies. Students working in pairs have ample opportunity to fully participate in the dissection and to carefully examine the specimen. They are also able to share and discuss their observations during and after the dissection.

Requirements: Dissecting pan with wax pad, dissecting pins, forceps, hand lenses and scissors

Procedure

Place the specimen in the dissecting pan ventral side up. Use scissors to cut through the exoskeleton‘s ventral side from the head to the posterior end of the abdomen.

Yabby: It is one of the burrowing Australian crayfishes (Cherax destructor) that are used for food.

Yakitori: A bite-size marinated pieces of beef, seafood, or chicken on skewers is called yakitori.

Yam: It is edible starchy tuberous root of plants (genus Dioscorea of the family Dioscoreaceae) used as a staple food in tropical areas.

Yard–long bean: It is the edible 1 to 3 foot (0.3 to 0.9 meter) long thin stringless pod of a south Asian plant of a subspecies (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) of the cowpea.

Yautia: It is one of the aroid plants (Xanthosomasagittifolium) chiefly of tropical America with starchy edible shaggy brown tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes.

Yeanling: A young lamb or kid used for food is called yeanling. It is also called earling.

Yearling mutton: Meat obtained from 12-20 month aged sheep. It is also called Earling mutton..

Definition
The residue of incineration at 550-600ºC is the crude ash.

Reagent
Dilute hydrochloric acid -approximately 5 N prepared from concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dissolve 445 ml conc. hydrochloric acid (about 36 percent HCl) in one litre distilled water. 

Procedure for Total Ash Estimation
Take a vitreosil crucible in oven at 100ºC for six hours, remove and keep it in a desiccator and weigh up to constant weight. About 5-10 g of sample is taken in the weighted vitreosil crucible. The material in the crucible is charred on a low flame and the crucible is then kept in muffle furnace and temperature is allowed to raise to 600ºC and kept constant for two hours. It is removed on cooling and kept in a desiccator  and weight of crucible is taken.

Introduction

Wet ashing is suitable for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Na, Se and Zn in biological samples and may be applicable to the determination of other elements as well.

The organic matter of the sample is oxidized with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acids. The acids are partially removed by volatilization and the solube mineral constituents remain dissolved in nitric acid. Any silica present is dehydrated and made insoluble.

Aim

Study about method of apposing muscle, fascia, skin over amputed stump.

Indication

Proper healing of amputed stump, avoiding infections.

Description

Limb is amputed generally through diaphysis or by disarticulation method. Whatever is the amputation,the surgeon should always keep as much soft tissue as possible to cover the bone extrimities. It is difficult to achieve in large animal, when amputation is immediately below carpus or tarsus.

Introduction

Wet ashing is suitable for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Na, Se and Zn in biological samples and may be applicable to the determination of other elements as well.

The organic matter of the sample is oxidized with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acids. The acids are partially removed by volatilization and the solube mineral constituents remain dissolved in nitric acid. Any silica present is dehydrated and made insoluble.

Joint disarticulation: Unwanted limb is amputed by joint disarticulation method.

Site of amputation along with skin-muscle flap ratio

Fore limb:
Elbow disarticulation
Carpo-metacarpal disarticulation
Fetlock disarticulation

The deviation from normal health is defined as disease. Health refers to the very absence of the disease. Therefore, health is a state where all the body
systems function normally and the activities continue within the physiological limits. So, the disease can be defined as the inability to perform physiological
functions at normal levels even when nutrition and other environmental requirements are provided at adequate level.

• What is Agroinformatics?
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• Objectives of Agroinformatics
• Information Systems Terminology
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