eChapters

Introduction

Modern libraries have evolved from paper-based storehouse of books and journals into network of digitized information and knowledge, now known as digital libraries. Libraries these days have consortia, and use electronic resources and databases so that they can provide better services to the users. Librarianship has shifted from use of printed and manually operated system to world wide access to information. Modern academic library is a conglomeration of printed books and journals as well as electronic resources where both forms of the documents can be stored, retrieved and delivered as and when required.

1. Introduction

The library, often perceived as a tranquil oasis, can be a hotbed of emotions. Behind the scenes, library employees and patrons alike struggle to manage their emotions, and anger can be a particularly pervasive and destructive force. The pressure to meet deadlines, the stress of dealing with difficult patrons, and the frustration of working with outdated technology can all contribute to a simmering sense of anger and resentment. But anger is not just a personal problem, it can have far-reaching consequences for the library as a whole. Unchecked anger can lead to decreased productivity, strained relationships, and even violence. It can also create a toxic work environment, driving away talented employees and eroding the trust of the community. Despite the importance of anger management, it is often overlooked in library training and professional development. Library employees are frequently expected to manage their emotions without being given the tools or support to do so. This can lead to a culture of silence, where employees suffer in silence, afraid to speak out about their struggles with anger.

“Necessity is the mother of invention”, all of us must have heard this statement at some juncture in our lives. Most of us may even have even gone through the motion of inventing something when needed. However, more and more inventions happening today may not necessarily be necessities. These inventions definitely perform the task of improvingand making convenient our overall living environment. Past few years have seen an increasing awareness and understanding in the field of intellectual property. Among all aspects, one aspect of intellectual property that is gaining increasing attention of intellectual property owners is management of the intellectual property rights.

This brings to our minds one question, how was intellectual property management practised by early mankind? We all do know that early mankind has left no stone unturned to make theabove statement”Necessity is the mother of invention”, a reality. Mankind prospered by leaps and bounds on account of sharing their various discoveries and inventions. Way back then knowledge was meant to be shared, as aptly captured in the Sanskrit Sloka:

1. Introduction

Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) are a great resource for scholars in academic institutions. They assist academics in comprehending the study carried out in prior years. When study results are made accessible on an open access platform, they are extensively utilized for further inquiry and teaching purposes. Theses and dissertations need to be made publicly available so that the users can get access to it. So, the emergence of Shodhganga proves to be very useful to the students, researchers, faculties and all other users (Vijayakumar and Vijayakumar, 2007). A significant number of doctorate research projects are now being conducted worldwide in several fields within the natural sciences. Bibliometrics focusses on analyzing the attributes of published literature, such as the distribution of literature on different subjects, statistical examination of content kinds, references, citations, and co-citations within and across fields (Pritchard, 1969). Davarpanah and Aslekia (2008) conducted bibliometric research on PhD theses, however these investigations were often limited to a certain university or department. Shodhganga serves as a digital archive for freely accessible whole texts of Indian electronic theses.

Introduction

Marketing and promotion are important for any organization that provides services to consumers. Marketing and promotion allow an organization to inform, remind, or persuade the consumers by sharing information about goods or services, community involvement, or societal impact. Simply stated, these efforts encompass anything libraries do to let the community know who they are, what they do, and what they offer. The goal of marketing is to keep the product in the minds of the customer: in the case of libraries it is to keep the customer aware of the library, to provide them with knowledge about the library’s physical features, resources, services, programs, and events, and to let them know about the benefits libraries offer. Marketing and promotion benefit the library by increasing usage, educating users, and increasing or at least maintaining a positive perception of the library.

1. Introduction

Libraries and information services have traditionally been seen as quiet sanctuaries of knowledge and learning. However, in today’s rapidly evolving digital age, libraries must actively market their services to ensure they remain relevant and accessible to diverse user groups. Marketing these services involves not only promoting the library’s offerings but also effectively communicating its value to the community. Marketing in case of libraries is necessary to offer benefits to users’ want, reduce barriers to use and access, persuade and inform the users, and carefully plan to satisfy users’ needs effectively. “Marketing is so basic that it cannot be considered a separate function within the library. Marketing is a central dimension of the entire library. It is the entirety of the library’s operations and services seen from a point of view of its final result, that is, from the customer’s point of view” (Gupta and Savard, 2010). Marketing library and information service is an established sub-set of management practices which identifies customer wants and needs and meets those needs within the resources of the organization (Gupta, Koontz & Massisimo, 2013).

Strategic partnerships and productive outreach play a crucial role for new technologies to successfully reach the market, drive growth, and strengthen a country’s global competitiveness, Outreach programs have various benefits, ranging from technology transfer awareness, communication of stakeholders, industry, government, to academy partnership promotions. These efforts help in establishing connections, communicating opportunities, and encouraging active engagement from key stakeholders. Outreach activities can be performed under two broad categories:
1. Written communication includes all communication which can be viewed, shared, or made accessible for a set of people in a passive manner. This includes reports, newsletters, guidance, and online content which provide insights of worth for stakeholders.
2. Human outreach includes all direct communication like c face-to-face or verbal form communication it included conferences, conventions, workshops, seminars and personal communication with industry leaders.
The type of outreach creates stronger, more personal connections. An effective outreach strategy usually combines both human and written outreach efforts. By following this strategy TTOs can expand and strengthen partnerships, and make it easier for research-led innovations to get transition from lab to market more effectively. This chapter explores key outreach models, strategic networking approaches, and proven practices for building impactful partnerships in technology transfer.

7.1 The Formula Palette

By clicking on the equals sign in the formula bar a drop – down panel called the formula palette appeared.

Consider an example, type number 25 in cell A1 and move the cell pointer to cell B2. type or click the equal sign in the formulabar. Adrop – down panel will display formula result = and wait for further inputs. Enter sqrt result to 5 at B2.

The dialog box divides into parts as

(a) Name of the function at the top left of the argument entry box.

(b) Below of this there is the definition or description of the function.

(c) Next, there is an entry explanation.

(d) Formula result.

Things to remember: Any statistical or mathematical function can be activated with = (equal to) sign.

7.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the development of data logger of agricultural field parameter monitoring system with MATLAB. The system comprises of Arduino, water level sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, smoke detector, power supply, PC with MATLAB. The system is designed to monitor the environment and agriculture field parameters. The field device is designed to collect all physical parameters and same is communicated serially to MATLAB with I/O package. Fig.7.1 shows block diagram of the system. Table.7.1 shows the component list required to develop the system.

Increasing crop productivity while reducing resource consumption is a central objective of modern agriculture. This chapter examines how artificial intelligence can support crop yield improvement through data-driven analysis, prediction, and decision-making. AI models can integrate information from soil, weather, crop growth, remote sensing, IoT sensors, and historical yield records to identify important factors influencing productivity. Machine learning and deep learning approaches can support yield forecasting, crop selection, fertilizer and water optimization, and precision management. The chapter also considers AI-enabled genomic selection, market intelligence, and intelligent farm management. Challenges such as data availability, implementation cost, connectivity, farmer training, and model reliability are discussed alongside future opportunities including edge AI and explainable AI.

3.1 Introduction

One of the most important objectives of statistical analysis is to summaries the information contained in the data which may be considered either as a population or as a sample (or sub-population). If the set of data consists of all conceivably possible (or hypothetically possible) observations of a certain phenomenon or a variable, we call it as population. If a set of data contains only a part of these observations, that is selected values of a variable, we call it as sample. Frequency distribution and graphical representation summarize to some extent.  They reduce a mass of data to a more understandable form but not to a single value. The aim of this lesson is to determine descriptive measures or statistical constants which will describe the nature of the data.

4.1 Introduction and Measuring

A measure of central tendency exhibits only one of the important characteristics of distribution, namely they typical representative figure to the whole set of its values. This measure alone will not adequately describe a set of observation unless all the observations are alike. Moreover one cannot understand completely about the data set with a measure of central tendency.  Because in real practical situation there may exits a number of sets of observations (or different distributions) whose measures of central tendency are same but they may differ individually from each other in a number of ways.  In particular two sets of values have the same mean but whilst one set of data is grouped close to the mean the other one is more spread out.  The following examples will illustrate this view point clearly.

Introduction
Information Technology (IT) has emerged as a cornerstone of modern economic, social, and environmental systems, pivotal in driving innovation and sustainabilit across various sectors. As the world grapples with the urgency of achieving sustainable development, IT offers powerful tools to monitor, analyze, and optimize resource use, reduce environmental footprints, and promote social and economic equity. However, measuring the impact of IT on sustainability requires a nuanced understanding of its diverse contributions, challenges, and longterm consequences. It is essential to assess how IT can simultaneously support environmental conservation, economic growth, and social well-being, often called the three pillars of sustainability.

5.1 Introduction

According to Croxton and Cowden, “Either for one’s own use or for the use of other, the data must be presented in some suitable form”.

Now – a – days everybody uses tables in one form or another, and accountants use them quite often. The work become tedious, especially if you had to do for 12 columns for the 12 months of the year, and more so if there were some modification to be done after having set up the entire table. The Americans have a special name for such tables- spreadsheet which makes life easy.

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak two young Americans in 1976 AD developed the first desktop computer – The Apple which was not user friendly and needed programming for useful work. Dan Bricklin, Robert Frankston and Dan Fylstra proposed a program to turn the computer’s memory into a giant virtual spreadsheet where necessary corrections and modifications could be done fairly, quickly and easily and marketed the program in 1978 under the trade name VisiCalc. VisiCalc was soon succeeded by Sugercal and other computer programs which were more user friendly. The Lotus 1-2-3 designed and developed by Larry Kaplan put further step, which set the standard for many applications under the IBM, Now a days Microsoft under the leadership of Bill Gates had been working on the sidelines perfecting graphical user Interface (GUI) packages for the PC range of computers that would widen its reach. Now Microsoft office program Suite the integrated word processing, spreadsheet, presentation and data base management.

The spreadsheet package in Microsoft office is called Excel – our basic software, or program for this manual.

1. Introduction

Antheraea assamensis is lepidopteron insects of Assam which is commercially utilized for the heritage golden silk “muga”. Rearing of muga silkworm is one of the most significant traditional handloom industries restricted only to the North Eastern Region of India (N.E. India) and plays a major role in the rural economy.  Considering the ecological conditions, food plant distribution, presence of eco-types and species of diverse nature in co-existence, it is speculated that this region is a possible home of origin of Antharaea, from where radiations would have occurred (Neog et. al., 2010). Despite the fact that N.E. India is the original home of muga, earlier studies have shown that the population is declining due to depletion in genetic variability (www.cdfd.org.in/wildsilkbase/info_moths.php).

17.1 Modules

• A module is a file containing python definitions and statements.

• A python module is (.py file) containing variables, class definitions, statement and function related to a particular task. The major feature of having module is that its content can be reused in other programs, without having to rewrite or recreate them.

• They are executed only the first time the module name is encounter in an import statement.

Type of modules:

• User defined modules

• Built-in modules

Ex.-array, math, numpy, sys, etc.

Abstract

Molecular modeling is a computational technique used to simulate the three-dimensional interactions between atoms and molecules. It allows for the visualization, manipulation, and prediction of molecular structures and chemical reactions. In this chapter, we discuss the different types of molecular models used in computational chemistry, including ball-and-stick models, space-filling models, wireframe models, and ribbon models. Ball- and-stick models depict atoms as spheres and bonds as sticks. Molecular modeling has numerous applications in drug discovery, materials science, and other fields of research, making it a valuable tool for computational chemists and molecular biologists. Here, this chapter focuses on different types of molecular models.

Abstract

Molecular phylogeny is an important method for understanding the evolutionary relationships between different organisms. Molecular phylogeny is based on the idea that organisms that share a more recent common ancestor will have more similarities in their DNA or protein sequences. The chapter seems to cover the basic concepts and terminology used in molecular phylogeny, including the difference between rooted and unrooted trees, as well as various methods used for constructing phylogenetic trees. Further, chapter also covers some common tools and software used for analyzing molecular data and constructing phylogenetic trees. Overall, this chapter provides a useful introduction to molecular phylogeny and the methods used for understanding the evolutionary relationships between different organisms. Understanding these concepts is important for many areas of biological research, including evolutionary biology, ecology, and biotechnology.

ABSTRACT

As we all know that emergence of internet has completely changed the way of transferring knowledge. Online videos and lectures have been adopted by the online educational community to meddle into the MOOCs massively to disperse the knowledge. No field has remained untouched from MOOCs. This is basically a study on the available MOOCs in India in Library and Information science.

Keywords: MOOCs, Massive Open Online Course, SWAYAM, Library and Information Science.

1. Introduction

Dave Cormier devised the term Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in 2008 to describe an open online course “Connectivism and Connective Knowledge” designed by Siemens and Downes. University of Manitoba offered MOOC for the first time in 2008 formally as a credit course to regular students and informally with enrolment open to anybody in the world free of cost. Since then, there is proliferation of MOOCs worldwide.

MS-ACCESS is a very powerful RDBMS (Data Base Management System) which manages data in term of special table called relation. Using MS-ACCESS you can manage all your information from a single database file. Database files are stored with extension. MDB.

ACCESS stores information in the form of tables and you build your database on its basis. Each row in a table holds all information’s & for a particular person it is called a record. And each column contains different pieces of information regarding that person, like Roll No, Name, Class, Address etc. Same as MSACCESS involves.

In ACCESS, you have few things known as Forms, Reports and Queries. They allow you to check and get desired information as and when required.