eChapters

Description of important spices and condiments

Shrubbery-An area of cultivated shrubs in a parkor garden is known asshrubbery or any area in the garden fully solely devoted to the shrub plantation is called shrubbery. These shrubs are maintained in formal way therefore require regular training, pruning and clipping. Maintenance of shrubbery is easy and become less costly if planted properly considering following point (See plate 22).

• Selection of hardy shrubs.
• Shrubs having profuse flowering and beautiful foliage.
• Selection of shrub according to soil.
• Shrub having slow growing habit and required less pruning and management.

Herbaceous border

In this system plant are arranged in irregular group of a kind for harmonious are contrasting colour effect, either all flowering at one time or successfully in such a way that those flowering latter should grow up and screen the all ready flowered. The planting of annuals in the border of a plot is called as herbaceous border. When the border is to be viewed from both side tall plant are planted in center followed by medium and dwarf planting in both side. Herbaceous border may include all the herbaceous plant including herbaceous perennial (Flowering and non flowering) bulbous and annuals (see plate 20 & 21).

Purpose-Planting of foliage and flowering trees, shrubs, climbers, annuals, perennials and lawn in a piece of land by adopting certain principles is termed as garden design. The objective of a garden layout by adopting a design to provide recreation, enjoyment and education to the society. Natural flora, religion, topography of land and climatic had played a major role in the development of garden designs. Basically there are two garden designs. In one the plantation of shrubs, trees, climbers etc. and lawns is done by adopting a geometrical design and maintaining bilateral balance whereas, in the other one the plantation is done by taking in account the topography and terrin of land, containing open lawns and cluster of trees. The former is called formal are artificial garden while the later is called as informal or landscape garden.

Lawn

Lawn is a natural green carpet, and it is important feature of a landscape and a garden without a lawn is not considered complete. Lawn is an area of land closed mowed grasses it is primarily developed for aesthetic and recreational purpose. A lawn is an integral part of a garden and landscape besides aesthetic and recreational purpose and several other purposes. Lawn provides a place for taking rest after tiring of the day, holding parties, social functions, passive and active recreation. Distinguishing characteristic of turf grasses is the ability to with stand close mowing and still providing a functional dense healthy ground cover. Lawn is also called as heart of garden. J.B. Olcoth designed first experiment in lawn grass at Monchester in USA in the 19th century. Festuca and Agrostis species were used to make turf (Lawn) during 1880 in U.K. In the early 19th century lawn become wild spread out side of parks golf course. Now a day in many metro cities of India lawn has become a cultural of the passion of many homes.

Edge plant

Very low growing plants grown only for the purpose of decoration and demarcation and not for screening are known as edging. Live and inert materials used for living of borders flower beds, paths, lawn, shrubbery and herbaceous border are known as edging. Formal edgings are: Bricks, stones, tiles, concrete etc. Informal edging are: Grass verges and crazy paths made up of tiles stones etc.

Description of important annuals

A. Winter season annuals (Seeds are sown in Sept.-Oct. and transplanting in Oct.)

Description of the important flowering shrubs

Description of the important foliage trees

Description of the important flowering trees

Important diseases of vegetable crops

1. Damping off: (Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium sp. Rhizoctomia solani):This is a disease of the seedlings at the nursery stage. Due to the attack of this fungus seedlings rot at the ground level and collaps.

Important insect-pests of vegetable crops

1. Aphids: (Myzus persicae)

The aphids damage the crop by sucking the cell sap from the leaves as stems. The affected leaves in severe cases curl-up and rolled. The plant may be stunted, wither and die. There are three different species of aphids. They are greenish or black in colour.

Important nurseries and seed merchants of Uttar Pradesh

1. Azad Nurseries, Laxmi Gate, Saharanpur.
2. American Seed Store, Ayodhya.
3. Ashoka Seed Farm (Regd.) Darwaja Road, Ayodhya
4. Beiz Nursery, Azmatgarh Palace, Varanasi.
5. Ganesh Bagh Nursery, Kamachchha, Varanasi.
6. Ram Das & Co. Kamachchha, Varanasi.

Problem- Calculate the amount of farm yard manure, urea, single super phosphate and murate of potash for one hectare tomato crop which require 100, 60, 60 kg ha N, P, K respectively. 1/3 quantity of nitrogen should be given through farm yard manure and rest through chemical fertilizers

A. Concentrated Organic Manures

Improved production technology is an integral part of hybrid seed production technology, which is a very high venture practice. This is because like several factors (climate, availability of parental lines and technical labour etc), success of hybrid seed production also depends on the success of crop management in the hybrid seed production field

The different modes of reproduction applied in vegetable crops are

Asexual

In this case the vegetative parts of the plants viz. rhizomes, corms, tubers, bulbs etc whole or part there off are utilized to produce new individuals. The typical examples are potato, sweetpotato, parwal, artichoke, colocasia, zinger, turmeric elephant foot yam, etc. There are some vegetative crops which can be reproduced through bcth vegetative part as well as seed e.g. asparagus.

Purpose: This test is conducted to determine the boldness and soundness of the seeds. The weight of a given number of seeds of different varieties or kinds will vary. This variation is due to boldness and soundness of the seeds. The seeds will vary according to the soil fertility, variety and other environmental conditions. Higher the weight of a variety per thousand seeds, better is the variety for cultivation.

Materials and equipments: Scale, balance and seeds.