VAISHALI GILL
Orthodox (astika) schools, originally called sanatana dharma, are collectively referred to as Hinduism in modern times. The ancient Vedas are their source and scriptural authority. Hinduism consists of six systems of philosophy &theology: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimansa and Vedanta. The Vedanta, or Uttara Mimamsa, school concentrates on the philosophical teachings of the Upanishads (mystic or spiritual contemplations within the Vedas), rather than the Brahmanas (instructions for ritual and sacrifice). The school separated into six sub-schools, each interpreting the texts in its own way and producing its own series of sub-commentaries: Advaita (Adi Shankara): It states that both the individual self (Atman) and Brahman are the same, and knowing this difference causes liberation. Visishtadvaita (Ramanuja): It believes that all diversity is subsumed to a unified whole. Dvaita (Madhvacharya): It considers Brahman and Atman as two different entities, and Bhakti as the route to eternal salvation. Dvaitadvaita (Nimbarka): It states that the Brahman is the highest reality, the controller of all. Shuddhadvaita (Vallabhacharya): It states that both God and the individual self are the same, and not different. Achintya Bheda Abheda (Chaitanya Mahaprabhu): It emphasizes that the individual self (Jīvatman) is both different and not different from Brahman. Advaita propounds that the world is an illusion. All actions All actions and emotions including sorrow are just false. Fundamentally, the soul and God are one According to dvaita, the world is real. God, the creator of this world is also real.